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Plate Tectonics and Continental Margins
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Plate Tectonics and Continental Margins

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Questions and Answers

What feature forms when the bottom of the continental rise plateaus?

  • Abyssal plain (correct)
  • Continental shelf
  • Abyssal trench
  • Oceanic ridge

    • What is the process that creates oceanic ridges and causes the ocean basin to expand?

  • Sea floor compression
  • Seafloor spreading (correct)
  • Subduction
  • Plate convergence

    • What is the primary characteristic of active continental margins?

  • High levels of tectonic and seismic activity (correct)
  • Low levels of tectonic activity
  • Presence of long rivers and estuaries
  • Flat inland terrain

    • What is the name of the zone of mantle that consists of semisolid rock that is very hot and deformable?

    <p>Asthenosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of coastline is formed on active margins?

    <p>Emergent coastlines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that affects the density of ocean water?

    <p>Salinity and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the largest ocean basin?

    <p>Pacific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of volcano is formed when magma from the asthenosphere pushes up through a gap between tectonic plates?

    <p>Underwater volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature of passive continental margins?

    <p>Low levels of tectonic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that refers to the amount of salt dissolved in water?

    <p>Salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of one plate being pushed beneath another?

    <p>Subduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the area where the ocean meets the land?

    <p>Coastline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between marine water and freshwater?

    <p>Marine water has a higher concentration of dissolved salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the zone of the ocean where sunlight penetrates?

    <p>Photic zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plankton produces its own energy through photosynthesis?

    <p>Phytoplankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ocean current that travels parallel to the shore?

    <p>Longshore current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of tsunamis?

    <p>Abrupt disturbances such as earthquakes or underwater volcanoes erupting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for elevated land areas adjacent to the sea and formed due to the erosion of adjacent, softer rocks?

    <p>Headland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum sustained wind speed required for a storm to be classified as a hurricane?

    <p>74 mph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rapid and abnormally high rise of ocean water on a coastline due to a hurricane?

    <p>Storm surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of water at different speeds over changing depths, causing the bending of waves?

    <p>Wave refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for towers of rock protruding from the water and separated from the land?

    <p>Sea stacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a shoreline and a coastline?

    <p>Shoreline is where the water meets land, while coastline is where the island or continental edge meets the water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the natural disaster where large bodies of water are displaced towards a coastline, gaining height and momentum as the waters become shallower?

    <p>Tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that drives the movement of sand and sediment along the beach?

    <p>Angled waves and the shape of the land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process whereby sand and sediment are carried back to the ocean and guided along the coast?

    <p>Longshore transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the area of the beach where waves crash and swash extends up the shore?

    <p>Swash zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tide occurs when the sun and moon are at right angles to the earth's orbit?

    <p>Neap tide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum wind speed required for a storm to be classified as a hurricane?

    <p>74 mph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest category on the Saffir-Simpson Scale?

    <p>Category 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why the energy carried by waves is strongest on the sides and ends of shoreline protrusions?

    <p>Because of wave refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which sand and sediment are transported along the coast?

    <p>Longshore drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of depositing sand and sediment in an area over a period of time?

    <p>Deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a narrow strip of land that projects out into a body of water?

    <p>Headland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an elongated landform that extends from the coast into the mouth of an adjacent bay?

    <p>Spit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the wearing away of coastal land and beaches?

    <p>Coastal erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of building a groin?

    <p>To prevent sand from moving down the coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a hard stabilization structure built offshore and parallel to the beach to protect the coast and create a calm area of water?

    <p>Breakwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mound of sand that joins an island to the mainland?

    <p>Tombolo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a sandbar that runs parallel to the coast, but remains separated by water?

    <p>Barrier island</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of areas where continental and oceanic plates meet?

    <p>High level of tectonic and seismic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the continental shelf in an ocean basin?

    <p>It forms the rim of the ocean basin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between active and passive continental margins?

    <p>Level of tectonic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of tectonic activity around active continental margins?

    <p>Emergent coastlines with steep, rocky cliffs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of one plate being pushed beneath another?

    <p>Subduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of ocean basins that allows for the formation of diverse marine life?

    <p>Topographical features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of oceanic ridges?

    <p>Continuous mountain chains located under the surface of the sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that creates oceanic ridges and causes the ocean basin to expand?

    <p>Seafloor spreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of tectonic plates away from each other?

    <p>Seafloor spreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that affects the density of ocean water?

    <p>Salinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which magma from the asthenosphere pushes up through a gap between tectonic plates?

    <p>Underwater volcano formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the continuous mountain chain located under the surface of the sea?

    <p>Oceanic ridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that drives the movement of sand and sediment along the beach?

    <p>Longshore currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the daily rise and fall of seawater driven by the force of gravity from mainly the moon?

    <p>Tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature forms at the center of a hurricane?

    <p>Eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of moving sand and sediment parallel to the coast?

    <p>Longshore transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for tides that occur during new moons, resulting in above-average high tides and below-average low tides?

    <p>Spring tides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum sustained wind speed required for a storm to be classified as a tropical cyclone?

    <p>74 mph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that distinguishes marine water from freshwater?

    <p>High concentration of dissolved salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the zone of the ocean where sunlight penetrates?

    <p>Photic zone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the current that travels parallel to the shore?

    <p>Longshore current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of energy through water caused by the wind?

    <p>Wind waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for organisms that can't move on their own and are transported by ocean currents?

    <p>Plankton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the elevated land areas adjacent to the seas and oceans?

    <p>Headlands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the storm surge on the coastline?

    <p>It causes erosion of the coastline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a hurricane and a tropical storm?

    <p>A hurricane has sustained winds of at least 74 mph, while a tropical storm has sustained winds of less than 74 mph.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest category on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale?

    <p>Category 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of coastal erosion?

    <p>Waves hitting the coastline at an angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bending of waves as they travel towards the shallow waters of the shore?

    <p>Wave refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the erosion of headlands?

    <p>The formation of sea arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the strong wave energy on the sides and ends of shoreline protrusions?

    <p>Because of wave refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which sand and sediment are deposited in an area over a period of time?

    <p>Deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when a spit grows and creates a sandbar that completely closes access to a bay?

    <p>A baymouth bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of building a groin?

    <p>To prevent sand from moving down the coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the wearing away of coastal land and beaches?

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hard stabilization structure built near the beach and parallel to the shore?

    <p>A seawall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which sand and sediment are transported along the coast?

    <p>Longshore drift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a mound of sand that joins an island to the mainland?

    <p>A tombolo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a narrow strip of land that projects out into a body of water?

    <p>A headland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hard stabilization structure built offshore and parallel to the beach?

    <p>A breakwater</p> Signup and view all the answers

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