Layers of the Earth and Tectonic Plates
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Questions and Answers

What is the outermost layer of the Earth called?

  • Inner Core
  • Crust (correct)
  • Outer Core
  • Mantle
  • Which layer of the Earth is primarily composed of liquid?

  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Outer Core (correct)
  • Inner Core
  • What causes the movement of tectonic plates?

  • The density of the inner core
  • The thickness of the crust
  • Convection currents (correct)
  • Plate Tectonic Theory
  • What is referred to as the area where two tectonic plates meet?

    <p>Plate Boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which tectonic boundary do two plates move away from each other?

    <p>Divergent Boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during subduction?

    <p>A plate is driven down into the mantle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is the thickest?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is solid despite the high temperatures?

    <p>Inner Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes active faults?

    <p>They have generated earthquakes within the last 10,000 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the intensity of an earthquake measure?

    <p>How much damage it dealt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fault is characterized by a vertical movement?

    <p>Normal fault.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can compression force cause in geological formations?

    <p>Rocks to push together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines the focus of an earthquake?

    <p>The point of origin where rocks first move.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are body waves?

    <p>Waves that can travel through the inner layers of the earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic waves are directly above the focus?

    <p>Epicenter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes an oblique-slip fault?

    <p>A fault that has both vertical and horizontal movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Layers of the Earth

    • Crust: Outermost, thinnest layer (50km), composed of different landforms.
    • Mantle: Beneath the crust, thickest layer (2900km), solid rock. Contains the asthenosphere.
    • Outer Core: Liquid layer, composed of iron and nickel (2200km), 5000°C.
    • Inner Core: Solid, densest layer (1200km), 6000°C.

    Tectonic Plates

    • Tectonic Plates: Large sections of rock within the lithosphere.
    • Plate Boundaries: Where two plates meet.
    • Plate Tectonic Theory: Earth's crust is made up of moving plates driven by convection currents in the mantle.
    • Types of Plate Movement: Plates can move towards each other (convergent), away from each other (divergent), or slide past each other (transform).

    Types of Tectonic Boundaries

    • Convergent (Destructive): Two plates move together, one may be driven down into the mantle (subduction).
    • Divergent (Constructive): Two plates move apart.
    • Transform (Conservative): Two plates slide past each other.

    Earthquakes

    • Active Faults: Generated earthquakes in the past 10,000 years; may still generate earthquakes.
    • Inactive Faults: Show no signs of generating earthquakes in the past 10,000 years; may potentially generate earthquakes in the future.
    • Earthquake Causes: Sudden movement along fractures in the Earth's crust known as faults, releasing energy from beneath the ground.
    • Intensity: Measure of damage caused by an earthquake.
    • Magnitude: Total amount of energy released by the earthquake.
    • Faults: Fractures or breaks in the earth's crust where earthquakes are likely to occur.
    • Types of Faults: Vertical movement (dip-slip) such as normal, reverse, thrust faults and horizontal movement (strike-slip) such as left lateral, right lateral and oblique-slip faults.

    Seismic Waves

    • Seismic Waves: Waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth.
    • Types of Seismic Waves: Body waves (travel through the Earth's interior: P-waves and S-waves), and Surface waves (travel on Earth's surface: Love waves and Rayleigh waves). Body waves arrive first, followed by surface waves, which cause the most damage.

    Measuring Earthquakes

    • Mercalli Scale: Measures intensity of an earthquake based on the observed effects.
    • Richter Scale: Measures the magnitude of an earthquake; logarithmic scale.
    • Seismogram: A record of ground motion during an earthquake, used to determine magnitude and type of earthquake.
    • Seismograph: Instrument used to measure earthquake waves.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating concepts of Earth's layers and tectonic plates in this quiz. Learn about the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core, along with the types of plate boundaries and their movements. Test your understanding of plate tectonic theory and its implications for the Earth's structure.

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