Plate Tectonics: A Unifying Theory Quiz

<p>The existence of underwater mountain ranges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1912 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continental fit evidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of earthquakes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Magnetic anomalies are symmetric around ocean ridges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are evidence of lithospheric plates moving relative to each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It confirms that older sediments are buried deeper than younger ones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between geological phenomena like mountains and earthquakes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New oceanic crust forms along the spreading ridges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oceanic crust is formed by upwelling magma at oceanic ridges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Earthquakes causing shifts in land (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It turns into solid oceanic crust that moves away from the ridge. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reversal of magnetic poles due to past geological events. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New oceanic crust contributes to continental drift. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron and nickel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Into three parts: lower mantle, asthenosphere, and upper mantle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The crust and upper mantle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ridge pull and slab pull (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They used to be viewed as singular but are now understood to have warmer and cooler areas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The gravitational energy linked to mid-ocean ridge elevation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peridotite (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continental crust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Proposed by Wegener in 1912 that continents were once a single supercontinent called Pangaea.

The supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras before breaking apart.

Includes continental fit, similarity of rock sequences, glacial evidence, and fossil evidence.

The observation that continents look like they fit together like a jigsaw puzzle.

Matching rock types and ages across separated continents, suggesting they were once linked.

Scratches and deposits from ancient glaciers found in now warm regions indicate they were once colder areas.

Identical fossils found on separate continents support the idea they were once connected.

The theory that describes the movement of the Earth’s lithosphere, leading to the formation of continents and ocean basins.

Theory stating that new oceanic crust forms at oceanic ridges as magma rises and cools.

The movement of continents which some theorize may be influenced by centrifugal force from Earth's rotation.

The phenomenon where Earth's magnetic poles switch places over time.

Theory suggesting continents may drift due to tidal forces from the moon and sun.

Magma rises to the ocean floor, cools, and creates new oceanic crust, moving laterally.

Variations in Earth's magnetic field found in ocean crust that are symmetrical around ridges.

The oceanic crust is youngest at spreading ridges and oldest farther away.

The relationship between Earth's rigid outer layer and the semi-fluid layer below it.

The innermost layer of the Earth, consisting of a solid inner region and a liquid outer portion, primarily made of iron and a little nickel.

The layer surrounding the core, divided into three parts: solid lower mantle, partially molten asthenosphere, and solid upper mantle, mainly made of peridotite.

The part of the mantle that is partially molten, behaves plastically, and flows slowly, facilitating tectonic plate movement.

The thin outer layer of the Earth comprising the lithosphere, which includes both oceanic and continental crusts.

A force that drives plate tectonics, resulting from the gravitational energy associated with the topographic elevation of the mid-ocean ridge.

A force in plate tectonics where the weight of a subducting plate pulls the rest of the plate into the mantle.

Systems within the mantle that transport heat and material, once thought to solely drive plate tectonics, but now seen as part of a complex interaction.