Plastic Part Design Process Overview
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Questions and Answers

What are some functional requirements that affect plastic-part design?

  • Cost of materials (correct)
  • Color preferences
  • Mechanical loading (correct)
  • Tactile response
  • Why is early input from diverse design and manufacturing groups important in the plastic-part design process?

  • It decreases the importance of team collaboration.
  • It allows for a focus on individual process costs.
  • It complicates the design process unnecessarily.
  • It helps to focus attention on total product cost. (correct)
  • Which aspect of design strategy can enhance product performance?

  • Delaying design adjustments until final stages
  • Avoiding team input
  • Incorporating suggestions from all team members (correct)
  • Focusing solely on aesthetic needs
  • What might be a consequence of adding snap latches and nesting features in part design?

    <p>Higher part and mold costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategic factor can increase the chance of producing a competitive product?

    <p>Taking advantage of team strengths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential trade-off when specifying a more expensive resin with molded-in color and UV resistance?

    <p>Higher raw-material cost but lower painting costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can complicate production and add costs during development?

    <p>Sequential passing of designs through various stages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge faced when designers neglect early collaboration?

    <p>Limitations in production capabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor to consider when comparing material prices for a product?

    <p>Consider material quality and consistency, not just price (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following should be avoided to reduce overhead costs related to part production?

    <p>Incorporate thick sections in the part design (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended strategy to maintain or lower labor costs in manufacturing?

    <p>Simplify or automate manual tasks where possible (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should prototypes be tested to ensure quality in production?

    <p>Test under conditions identical to those expected in production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding mold makers?

    <p>Choosing a mold maker solely based on price is viable (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which practice is recommended to minimize scrap generation in part design?

    <p>Follow part design recommendations closely (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an advantage of having a high number of cavities in a mold?

    <p>It increases hourly production and reduces costs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does mold cost relate to production quantities?

    <p>Cost amortization can significantly affect low quantity production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done with parting lines to improve efficiency?

    <p>Maintain them in good condition to reduce flash removal needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between mold quality and molding efficiency?

    <p>Quality molds tend to promote better efficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when evaluating plastic part requirements?

    <p>Both manufacturing and shipping conditions, and end-use conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does temperature have on plastic materials?

    <p>Temperature can alter properties like impact strength and modulus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of loading that needs to be evaluated for plastic parts?

    <p>Environmental loading (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for ensuring weather resistance in plastic parts?

    <p>Continuous outdoor exposure and temperature variations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What advantage does thermoforming have over injection molding in terms of cost?

    <p>Thermoforming uses lower-cost molds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the requirement for custom colors in plastic part production affect costs?

    <p>Custom colors are always costlier than standard colors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which testing or approval might be necessary for plastic parts used in food applications?

    <p>FDA for food contact applications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features cannot be produced by blow molding?

    <p>Intricate details (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence the placement of gate positioning in part design?

    <p>Cosmetic and non-cosmetic surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of rotomolding?

    <p>It uses thermoplastic resin in a powdered form. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What life expectancy considerations should be made for plastic parts?

    <p>Hours in boiling water or repetitions of loads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can reduce the need for separate hardware components in a molded part?

    <p>Incorporating molded-in hinges. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can impact resistance change with temperature in plastics?

    <p>It diminishes at lower temperatures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which design factor can enhance manufacturing efficiency and cost-effectiveness?

    <p>Using a single molded part to consolidate functionality. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant drawback of injection blow molding?

    <p>High cost of mold production. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is crucial for the selection of plastics in electrical applications?

    <p>Required electrical property values (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you consider regarding mechanical loading when designing plastic parts?

    <p>Creep and stress relaxation under long-term loads (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the choice of color affect manufacturing costs?

    <p>Molded-in colors can save more than the material cost increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of conducting prototype testing during plastic part development?

    <p>To evaluate part functionality and performance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of using molded-in features like cable guides?

    <p>They can replace metal fasteners with minimal cost. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can chemical exposure during the manufacturing of plastic parts be characterized?

    <p>Significantly harsher than end-use conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique can reduce manufacturing costs effectively?

    <p>Optimizing runner systems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider both chemical compatibility and mechanical loading in part design?

    <p>To guarantee part durability and functionality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can complicate the process of marking parts with logos?

    <p>The added costs and labor associated with secondary methods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key limitation of blow molding in terms of part design?

    <p>Inability to create parts with surface projecting features. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these aspects contributes to the costs of producing plastic parts?

    <p>High material scrap rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be an advantage of using ribs or other stiffening features?

    <p>They enhance part strength with less material. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of production processes, increasing cycle times will likely result in which outcome?

    <p>Higher labor and operational costs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when designing parts regarding processing characteristics?

    <p>Special demands on processing like mold geometry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can over-specification of tolerance affect product development?

    <p>It can increase the cost of the product. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which production method is primarily used to create hollow items like bottles?

    <p>Blow Molding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the injection molding process?

    <p>It can produce intricate features and maintain tight tolerances. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario should a designer consider using the extrusion process?

    <p>When creating continuous, straight profiles like pipe or sheet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of thermoforming compared to other processes?

    <p>It necessitates secondary machining for cutouts and holes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is most likely to influence decision-making during the part design phase?

    <p>The number of parts required for production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common concern in cost constraints when designing plastic parts?

    <p>Considering total system cost, not just part and material costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be addressed in the assembly requirements during the design process?

    <p>How frequently the product will be disassembled (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the cost of molds in injection molding is true?

    <p>Molds contribute a significant part of the cost for low quantity runs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can complicate injection molding, especially for large parts?

    <p>Mold costs and complexities involved in design (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence the choice of thermoplastic processing methods?

    <p>The specific design requirements of the part (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be a consideration regarding thermal expansion during part design?

    <p>Different coefficient values in materials can lead to potential issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cyclical nature of injection molding benefit manufacturers?

    <p>It offers excellent part-to-part repeatability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Functional Requirements

    Essential criteria that a plastic part must meet, like mechanical loading and UV stability.

    Aesthetic Needs

    Visual and tactile characteristics desired in plastic parts, such as color and transparency.

    Economic Concerns

    Factors related to cost, including materials, labor, and equipment expenses.

    Team Collaboration

    The necessity of involving diverse team members in plastic part design for better outcomes.

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    Simultaneous Input

    Gathering feedback from all team members early in the design process.

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    Processing Parameters

    Guidelines that dictate how manufacturing processes are performed for plastic parts.

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    Part Consolidation

    The strategy of combining multiple parts into a single component to simplify assembly.

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    Mold Costs

    Expenses associated with creating molds for producing plastic parts.

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    Part Function and Appearance

    Focus on defining and maximizing how a part looks and performs.

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    Material Requirements

    Determine the appropriate materials based on part needs and conditions.

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    Chemical Exposure

    Plastic parts face chemicals during manufacturing and use; compatibility is crucial.

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    Radiation Impact

    Exposure to artificial radiation can degrade material performance.

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    Mechanical Loading Types

    Evaluate loads like static, impacts, and vibrations on plastic parts.

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    Temperature Effects

    Material properties change with temperature extremes during use and processing.

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    Electrical Performance Requirements

    Determine necessary electrical properties and loading conditions of the part.

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    Weather Resistance

    Plastic parts must withstand temperature, moisture, and UV exposure.

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    Aesthetic Requirements

    Consider visual aspects like transparency, color matching, and finish types.

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    Agency Approvals

    Various agencies set specifications for plastic parts; ensure compliance.

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    Life Expectancy

    Assess lifespan based on environmental exposure and repeated use conditions.

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    Dimensional Tolerances

    Critical for part fit; ensure tight tolerances are maintained.

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    Prototype Testing Importance

    Testing prototypes reduces errors and ensures functionality before mass production.

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    Manufacturing Costs Reduction

    Strategies to lower costs without sacrificing part quality and performance.

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    Surface Finishes

    Surface texture can range from glossy to matte, affecting appearance and function.

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    Mating Parts

    Parts that fit together through specified dimensions and tolerances.

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    Tolerance Specification

    Precision limits set for part dimensions to ensure proper function.

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    Processing Demands

    Special requirements that affect the production of a part.

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    Production Quantities

    Number of items to be produced influencing design choices.

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    Cost Constraints

    Budget limits that impact material and production choices.

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    Assembly Methods

    Techniques used to join parts together in a product.

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    Thermoplastic Processing

    Various methods to create products from thermoplastics.

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    Injection Molding

    A process where molten plastic is forced into a mold.

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    Extrusion

    Continuous forming of molten material through a die.

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    Thermoforming

    Shaping thermoplastic sheets by heating and molding.

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    Blow Molding

    A molding process used to create hollow forms like bottles.

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    Secondary Operations

    Additional processes needed to finish parts after initial forming.

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    Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion

    Measure of how much materials expand or contract with temperature changes.

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    Part Requirements Checklist

    A guide to ensure all necessary design criteria are met.

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    Extrusion Blow Molding

    A type of blow molding where a molten plastic tube (parison) is inflated within a mold.

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    Injection Blow Molding

    This method injects molten resin into a mold, which is then inflated to form a hollow shape.

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    Rotomolding

    A process that uses a rotating mold to evenly coat walls with molten plastic, creating hollow shapes.

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    Molded-in Features

    Design elements that are formed during molding, such as hinges or cable guides, reducing hardware needs.

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    Material Reduction

    The practice of minimizing plastic usage to lower material costs without compromising functionality.

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    Cycle Time

    The total time taken to complete one cycle of the manufacturing process.

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    Sprue Optimization

    Refining the runner systems in molding to reduce material waste during production.

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    Markings and Logos

    Methods for adding permanent identifiers and designs to molded parts, usually at lower costs compared to secondary methods.

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    Wall Thickness Variation

    The ability for wall thickness to change throughout a molded part based on design requirements.

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    Hollow Shapes

    Molded forms that have an inside cavity, like bottles or gas tanks, typically produced through blow molding or rotomolding.

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    Cost Categories

    The four main areas that contribute to plastic production costs: materials, overhead, labor, and scrap.

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    Standard Colors

    Colors that are less expensive compared to custom colors.

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    Material Selection Factors

    Consider quality, delivery, and service, not just price.

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    Overhead Costs

    Costs determined by press rates and production factors.

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    Maximize Production

    Increase parts produced per hour to lower per part costs.

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    Cooling Time

    Time taken for parts to cool; affected by thickness.

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    Simplify Labor

    Reduce manual tasks to lower labor costs.

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    Prototype Testing

    Testing design before mass production to avoid issues.

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    Part Design Guidelines

    Recommendations aimed at reducing scrap and rework.

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    Tolerances

    The acceptable limits of variation in a part's dimensions.

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    Avoid Cheap Molds

    Selecting molds based solely on price can lead to quality issues.

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    Study Notes

    Plastic Part Design Process

    • Plastic part design involves many factors, including functional needs (e.g., mechanical strength, UV resistance), aesthetic concerns (e.g., color, transparency), and economic considerations (e.g., material cost, manufacturing expenses).
    • Successful plastic part design requires teamwork, including conceptual designers, stylists, design engineers, materials suppliers, mold makers, manufacturing personnel, and more.
    • Team input early in the design process is vital for optimizing overall product cost, not just individual components or steps.
    • Designs should strive to maximize part function and appearance, define part requirements, evaluate process choices, and select appropriate materials to minimize manufacturing costs while ensuring prototype testing.

    Defining Plastic Part Requirements

    • Requirements should go beyond intended use conditions, considering harsher manufacturing and shipping conditions.
    • Examine factors like chemical exposure (mold releases, solvents, etc.), radiation exposure (fluorescent lights), mechanical loading (static, impact, cyclic), temperature ranges, electrical performance, and weather resistance.
    • Material compatibility with various chemicals is key. Environmental exposure requirements (e.g., outdoor decorations) may differ.
    • Precisely evaluate the impact resistance that varies over various temperatures.
    • Understand any agency approvals that your plastic part requires. Some examples include UL for electrical devices, MIL for military applications, FDA for food contact, USDA for meat/poultry equipment, and NSF for food processing and water applications.
    • Define the product's life expectancy and expected conditions of use. Precisely evaluate part dimensional tolerances and how the load, temperature, and creep impact them.
    • Overly stringent tolerance specifications add unnecessary cost. Consider processing demands, like filling difficulty or warpage susceptibility.

    Production quantities and Cost Constraints

    • Production volumes influence manufacturing strategies, materials, molds and assembly methods. Fewer production quantities can offset efficiency gains.
    • Evaluate total system cost, covering more than just parts' and material costs.
    • Look at assembly requirements, such as disassembly frequency and automation potential.
    • Consider recycling necessities.

    Thermoplastic Processing Methods

    • Several thermoplastic processing methods exist, with various design requirements and limitations. Part size, shape, and concept often influence the chosen method.
    • Injection molding, the most widespread method, forces molten plastic into molds under pressure. This process enables high production volume, wider part sizes, repeatability, and tight tolerances. It is suitable for intricate features, and structural components.
    • Extrusion creates continuous profiles via a die. It's mainly for sheets, films, and pipes. Secondary operations are often needed for complex features.
    • Thermoforming shapes thermoplastic sheets via vacuum or pressure. It's well-suited for large parts. But its feature limitations (e.g., projections like ribs, bosses) may require secondary operations.
    • Blow molding efficiently creates hollow shapes, like bottles and containers. Two types are extrusion (e.g., parison) and injection (molded shape).
    • Rotomolding involves heating and rotating a mold to coat a hollow shape with thermoplastic powder. It is effective for large hollow parts and low production quantities.

    Optimizing Product Function

    • Consolidation: Reduce the number of parts in an assembly, merging functionality and reducing part count.
    • Hardware: Eliminate or reduce hardware (screws, etc.) by incorporating them directly into parts (e.g., molded hinges), reducing materials and assembly cost.
    • Finishing: Using molded-in color instead of paint reduces costs.
    • Markings/Logos: Molding-in markings/logos is more cost-effective than secondary methods.

    Reducing Manufacturing Costs

    • Materials: Find the best value-for-money material, minimizing usage and avoiding overly specific requirements.
    • Overhead: Maximize hourly production, avoid thick sections, design molds for easy cooling/ejection, add mold cavities to increase production rate, evaluate whether mold cost increases are offset by machine cost savings.
    • Labor: Simplify manual tasks; utilize automatic degating/proper gate placement; maintain parting lines for efficiency; streamline/automate assembly steps.
    • Scrap/Rework: Follow design guidelines, avoid tight tolerances that aren't truly necessary, and place molds for parts in the middle of tolerances to avoid rework. Choose mold makers cautiously (check for material and mold quality).

    Prototype Testing

    • Prototype testing is crucial for optimizing design and material selection before production tooling investment. It should accurately mirror molding, processing, and assembly conditions.
    • Thorough prototype testing helps avoid subsequent costly modifications to production tooling.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential aspects of the plastic part design process, emphasizing the collaboration between various stakeholders to meet functional and aesthetic requirements. It discusses the importance of defining part requirements, maximizing function and appearance, and evaluating costs while considering manufacturing challenges.

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