Plastic Materials: A Diverse Family of Polymers

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Questions and Answers

थर्मोसेटिंग रेजिन का क्या विशेषता है?

ये गर्म होने पर पिघलते हैं

ये एक तीन-आयामी नेटवर्क संरचना बनाते हैं

ये पुनर्मोल्ड नहीं कर सकते (correct)

ये ठंडे होने पर पिघलते हैं

एपॉक्सी रेजिन का प्रमुख उपयोग में कौन-कौन शामिल है?

एपॉक्सी, मेलामीन फॉर्मलडिहाइड, फीनोल फॉर्मलडिहाइड, और अनसेटरेड पॉलिएस्टर

उपकल्पित, पोकलेट्स, प्रकाशन, और इलेक्ट्रॉनिक इंकैप्सुलेंट्स (correct)

इलेक्ट्रॉनिक, कोम्पोजिट, कोटिंग्स, और एपॉक्सी

कोम्पोजिट, कोटिंग्स, मसाले, और इलेक्ट्रॉनिक इंकैप्सुलेंट्स

पालीहाइड्रोक्सीएलकानोएट (PHA) कहाँ से प्राप्त होता है?

सेंनिक समागम से

समुद्री हलके से

संक्रामक कंपोस्ट से

जैविक कचरे या पुनर्नवीन स्रोतों से (correct)

स्टार्च मिश्रण मुख्यत: किससे मिलकर बना होता है?

मक्के की स्थानीय मिश्रित मुहर सहित Signup and view all the answers

लिग्निन-फेनोल समापात कहाँ से प्राप्त होता हज़?

कृषि संचालन से Signup and view all the answers

पॉलिमर गुणों का पारदर्शीकरण किसके माध्यम से किया जाता है?

इन दोनों Signup and view all the answers

पॉलिमर कसरती सतह का मापन किस गुण से किया जाता है?

घनत्व Signup and view all the answers

क्या Tensile Strength मापता है?

कसरती सतह Signup and view all the answers

प्लास्टिक के संकुचन की प्रक्रिया में क्या होता है?

संकुचन डेकॉमपोजिशन Signup and view all the answers

पॉलिमर प्रॉपर्टी टेस्टिंग में Density के प्रमुख उपयोग क्या है?

अलग-अलग पॉलिमर खोज Signup and view all the answers

प्लास्टिक के लिए 'तापनीय घटना तापमान' क्या मापती है?

तापमान पर अतिलंबन Signup and view all the answers

किस परीक्षण से इंजीनियरों को प्रसंस्करण या सेवा के दौरान आयामिक परिवर्तनों का पूर्वानुमान करने में मदद मिलती है?

लचीली संख्यात्मक विस्तार Signup and view all the answers

किस परीक्षण से पॉलिमर सामग्री के चमकने, सुनने क्षमता, और काँच के संक्रमण तापमान के बारे में प्रकाश मिलता है?

गतिशील मैकेनिकल विश्लेषण Signup and view all the answers

'UV Prakatikaran' किस उपकरण के माध्यम से होता है?

'प्रभाव प्रतिरोधीता' Signup and view all the answers

'Moist Heat Ageing' क्या है?

'हुमलुसन' में होने वाले परिवर्तन Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plastic Materials: A Diverse Family of Polymers

Plastic materials have become ubiquitous across our modern world due to their versatility and durability. Let's delve into this diverse family of polymers by exploring some common types of plastic and their unique properties.

Thermoplastics

Thermoplastic materials represent a large portion of all plastic usage because they can be softened by heating them to above their melting point or below their glass transition temperature, allowing them to flow like liquids. This property allows thermoplastics to be easily molded, extruded, or shaped using various manufacturing processes. Some popular examples include:

Polyethylene (PE): Found in products such as milk jugs, grocery bags, and toys, polyethylene comes in low density PE (LDPE) and high density PE (HDPE).
Polypropylene (PP): Known for its resistance to chemicals and heat, PP is commonly used in food containers, automotive parts, and carpet fibers.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Often used in pipes, electrical insulation, and credit cards, PVC can be made flexible through the addition of plasticizers or rigid via stabilizing compounds.
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS): This blend offers impact strength, toughness, and rigidity often seen in applications like auto body panels, appliance housings, and consumer electronics casing.
Polystyrene (PS): Characterized by its clarity and hardness, PS is widely used in packaging materials, disposable cutlery, and CD cases.

Thermosetting Resins

Unlike thermoplastics, when heated, thermosetting resins do not melt; instead, they cure or solidify irreversibly after reacting with catalysts, forming a three-dimensional network structure. Due to this crosslinked nature, thermosets cannot be remolded once set. Commonly encountered thermosets include:

Epoxy resin: Used in composites, coatings, adhesives, and electronic encapsulants, epoxies offer excellent mechanical properties and chemical resistance.
Melamine formaldehyde (MF): Employed primarily in laminates, MF provides fire retardancy and decorative surface finishes.
Phenol formaldehyde (PF): Incorporated in adhesives, laminated boards, and electrical components, PF imparts high thermal stability and dimensional stability.
Unsaturated polyester (UP) resin: Applied in fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRPs), UP resins exhibit good chemical resistance and toughness.

Biodegradable & Bio-based Plastics

In recent years, there has been increased interest in creating more environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-derived plastics. These bio-based and biodegradable plastics help reduce reliance on non-renewable resources while mitigating waste accumulation. Examples include:

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA): Produced from organic wastes or renewable feedstocks, PHAs display impressive biocompatibility and biodegradability.
Starch blends: Composed mainly of cornstarch mixed with other polymers, starch blends show promise in replacing conventional petroleum-based polymers.
Lignin-phenolic composite: Derived from agricultural residue, these plastics present themselves as potential substitutes for phenolic resins.

While plastics carry numerous benefits, their environmental impacts must also be considered. By understanding the different categories and characteristics of plastics, we can make informed decisions towards reducing pollution and conserving natural resources.

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Description

Explore the world of plastic materials by learning about common types of plastics like thermoplastics, thermosetting resins, and biodegradable options. Understand their unique properties and applications in various industries while considering the environmental impact of plastic usage.