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Questions and Answers
Which type of tropism describes growth towards light?
Which type of tropism describes growth towards light?
Auxin is responsible for promoting lateral bud growth in plants.
Auxin is responsible for promoting lateral bud growth in plants.
False
What is the primary role of the optic nerve in the human eye?
What is the primary role of the optic nerve in the human eye?
Transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
The __________ is a flexible structure that adjusts its shape to focus light on the retina.
The __________ is a flexible structure that adjusts its shape to focus light on the retina.
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Match the following feedback mechanisms with their definitions:
Match the following feedback mechanisms with their definitions:
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Which of the following statements best describes a negative feedback loop?
Which of the following statements best describes a negative feedback loop?
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Inheritance refers to the transmission of traits from offspring to parents.
Inheritance refers to the transmission of traits from offspring to parents.
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What are the two main types of feedback mechanisms?
What are the two main types of feedback mechanisms?
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Which of the following statements accurately describes a Punnett square?
Which of the following statements accurately describes a Punnett square?
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Natural selection can lead to adaptations in populations over time.
Natural selection can lead to adaptations in populations over time.
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Who first described the principles of inheritance?
Who first described the principles of inheritance?
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In asexual reproduction, offspring are genetically __________ to the parent organism.
In asexual reproduction, offspring are genetically __________ to the parent organism.
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Match the type of reproduction with its description:
Match the type of reproduction with its description:
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Study Notes
Tropism
- Tropism is directional growth or movement of an organism in response to environmental stimuli
- Plants commonly exhibit tropism in response to stimuli like light (phototropism), gravity (gravitropism), and water (hydrotropism)
- Tropism can also describe the behavior of viruses or pathogens targeting specific host tissues
Structure of the Eye
- The human eye is a complex sensory organ for vision
- Key structures:
- Cornea: refracts light entering the eye
- Iris: controls pupil size and light entry
- Pupil: opening in the iris for light
- Lens: adjusts shape to focus light
- Retina: contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) converting light into electrical impulses
- Optic Nerve: transmits visual information to the brain
Function of Auxin
- Auxin is a plant hormone crucial for growth regulation
- Auxin influences processes like:
- Cell elongation: loosens cell walls
- Apical dominance: suppresses lateral bud growth, making plants taller
- Tropisms: mediates responses to light and gravity by redistributing itself within tissues leading to differential growth rates
Feedback Mechanisms
- Feedback mechanism: a biological process where the output of a system influences its own activity
- Two main types of feedback:
- Positive feedback: enhances or amplifies change (e.g., childbirth)
- Negative feedback: reduces or dampens change, maintaining homeostasis (e.g., body temperature regulation)
Inheritance of Genes
- Inheritance: genetic transmission of traits from parents to offspring
- Genes are segments of DNA that determine specific characteristics
- Gregor Mendel's studies on pea plants established fundamental concepts like dominant and recessive traits
Offspring
- Offspring are descendants produced by reproduction
- Sexual reproduction results in offspring inheriting genetic material from both parents, leading to genetic variation
- Asexual reproduction results in offspring genetically identical to the parent
Punnett Square
- Punnett square: graphical tool used to predict genotypic and phenotypic outcomes of genetic crosses
- Visualises how alleles from each parent combine during fertilization
Natural Selection
- Natural selection: a fundamental mechanism of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin
- Explains how individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to adaptations within populations over time
Reproduction in Plants and Animals
- Reproduction: the biological process of creating new organisms
- Two main types:
- Asexual reproduction: involves a single parent producing genetically identical offspring (e.g., budding)
- Sexual reproduction: involves two parents contributing genetic material to produce genetically diverse offspring
Negative Feedback Loops
- Negative feedback loop: a control mechanism that counteracts changes in a system (e.g., sweating when body temperature rises)
- Helps maintain stable internal conditions despite external fluctuations
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Description
Test your knowledge on tropism in plants and the anatomy of the human eye. This quiz covers key concepts such as phototropism, gravitropism, and the structure and function of various eye components. Additionally, explore the role of auxin in plant growth regulation.
