Plant Transport Systems
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Questions and Answers

Which structure is absent in a monocot stem?

  • Cambium (correct)
  • Pith
  • Xylem
  • Phloem

What is the arrangement of xylem and phloem in a dicot root?

  • In a ring
  • Star-shaped (correct)
  • Alternately in a line
  • Scattered randomly

Which of the following is true about monocot roots compared to monocot stems?

  • Roots have vascular bundles scattered
  • Both lack pericycle
  • Roots have root hairs but stems do not (correct)
  • Both have pith

What is the primary function of the stem in a plant?

<p>Conducts and supports plant structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the plant lacks a pith?

<p>Monocot stem (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature differentiates dicot roots from dicot stems?

<p>Root hair presence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the vascular bundles arranged in a monocot root?

<p>In a ring (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells primarily make up the pith in dicot stems?

<p>Parenchyma cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a transport system in multicellular organisms?

<p>Distribution of nutrients and oxygen to all cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily transports water and minerals in higher plants?

<p>Xylem (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the root protects the root tip as it pushes through soil?

<p>Root cap (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of root hairs in plants?

<p>Increases surface area for absorption of water and minerals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells comprise the cortex of the root?

<p>Parenchyma cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure regulates the entry of water and mineral salts into the vascular bundle of the root?

<p>Endodermis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides energy for the active uptake of mineral salts in root hairs?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pericycle in roots?

<p>Formation of lateral roots (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about diffusion in unicellular organisms is true?

<p>It occurs across cell membranes due to a high surface area to volume ratio. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the endodermis in the root?

<p>Impervious casparian strips (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is transport in biology?

The movement of substances from one part of an organism to another, including nutrient delivery and waste removal.

How do simple plants transport substances?

Diffusion, osmosis, and active transport are used for material movement within the organism.

What is a vascular system in plants?

A network of vessels that enables long-distance transport of water and nutrients in plants.

What does the xylem do?

Transports water and dissolved mineral salts upwards from the roots to other parts of the plant.

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What does the phloem do?

Transports sugars (produced during photosynthesis) from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

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What is the root of a plant?

The part of a plant that anchors it to the ground and absorbs water and nutrients.

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What is the root cap?

A protective layer that covers the root tip, allowing it to push through soil without damage.

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What is the piliferous layer?

A layer of specialized epidermal cells that produce root hairs, increasing the surface area for absorption.

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What is the endodermis in a root?

A layer of cells that controls the movement of water and minerals into the vascular bundle.

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What are root hairs?

Tiny hair-like extensions of epidermal cells that greatly increase the surface area for water and nutrient absorption.

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Xylem arrangement in Dicot vs Monocot Roots

In a dicot root, the xylem is star-shaped with phloem located within its arms. In contrast, in a monocot root, the xylem and phloem are arranged in an alternating ring.

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Pith in Dicot vs Monocot Roots

Dicot roots lack pith, while monocot roots possess a pith.

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Cambium in Dicot vs Monocot Stems

Dicot stems have a cambium layer, which allows them to grow thicker over time. Monocot stems lack cambium, limiting their growth.

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Vascular bundles arrangement in Dicot vs Monocot Stems

In dicot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged in a ring, while in monocot stems, they are scattered throughout the cortex.

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Pith in Dicot vs Monocot Stems

Dicot stems possess a pith, while monocot stems lack it.

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What is a Plant Stem?

The stem is the above-ground part of a plant, supporting branches and leaves.

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What does the Stem transport?

Stems transport water and mineral salts from the roots to other parts of the plant.

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What is the Epidermis in a Stem?

The epidermis is the outer layer of cells in plants, protecting inner tissues and preventing water loss.

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Study Notes

Plant Transport

  • Transport in plants is the movement of substances from one part of the plant body to another
  • It involves the movement of materials to the sites where they are required and the removal of metabolic wastes from the site of production to the site of elimination
  • Importance of transport system: distribution of nutrients and oxygen to all living cells of the body, facilitates the removal of carbon (IV) oxide from the cells, and nitrogenous wastes and metabolic wastes products

Transport in Unicellular Organisms

  • Unicellular organisms (e.g., bacteria) have a large surface area to volume ratio
  • Substances move in and out of the organism through their cell membranes through diffusion across their membranes

Transport in Multicellular Organisms

  • Multicellular organisms have a small surface area to volume ratio
  • They have specialized transport systems to remove materials from the site of production or supply to the tissues and organs

Transport in Plants

  • Plants have different transport systems suited for different purposes
  • This requires a transport system to carry essential nutrients from deep roots to leaves and fruits
  • Simple plants (e.g., mosses and liverworts) lack specialized transport systems, but higher plants have specialized transport systems called vascular bundles

Structure of a Root

  • The root is the part of the plant that is embedded in the soil
  • Functions: Anchorage of the plant, absorption of water and mineral salts

Internal Structure of a Root

  • Root hairs: increase the surface area and absorption of water and minerals
  • Epidermis: a single layer of cells covering all parts of the plant
  • Cortex: storage tissue
  • Endodermis: a single layer of cells surrounding the vascular bundle
  • Vascular Bundle: the transport system
  • Xylem: transports water and mineral salts from the soil
  • Phloem: transports manufactured food substances from leaves to other parts of the plant

Adaptation of Root Hairs

  • They are long and provide a larger surface area for absorption of water and minerals
  • They are thin walled to reduce the distance hence faster diffusion of water and mineral salts
  • They have numerous mitochondria to provide energy for active uptake of mineral salts
  • They have large sap vacuoles whose sap exerts a high osmotic pressure necessary for water absorption

Root Cap

  • Protects the root tip
  • Pushes past soil particles

Parts of a Root

  • Root cap
  • Piliferous layer
  • Cortex
  • Endodermis
  • Vascular bundle

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Description

Explore the fascinating world of transport in plants and how it differs from unicellular and multicellular organisms. This quiz covers the mechanisms of substance movement, the importance of transport systems, and the adaptations of different organism types. Test your understanding of how nutrients and wastes are managed in living systems.

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