16 Questions
What type of tissue is responsible for increasing the length of a plant?
Meristematic
The epidermis is replaced by periderm in older woody plants
True
What is the main function of chloroplast-containing cells?
Photosynthesis
The tissue that provides support in soft, non-woody plant organs is called _______________________.
Collenchyma
Match the following tissues with their primary functions:
Parenchyma = Food storage and cellular regeneration Sclerenchyma = Support in woody plant organs Collenchyma = Provide support in soft, non-woody plant organs
What is the outermost layer of cells in a plant?
Epidermis
Hemicellulose is used as an energy source by germinating embryos
True
The fatty substance in the cuticle that prevents water loss is called _______________________.
Cutin
What is the primary function of ground tissue?
Site of cellular regeneration and photosynthesis
Which type of meristematic growth occurs at cambium?
Secondary Growth
What is the main characteristic of sclerenchyma cells?
Impregnated with lignin
What is the function of trichomes?
Special outgrowths or hairs
Which tissue provides support in young petioles?
Collenchyma
What is the function of fibers?
Resist attacks from insects, fungi, and pests
What is the primary function of procambium?
Forms cambium and primary vascular tissues
Which tissue usually forms inside the vascular tissue?
Pith
Study Notes
Meristematic Tissues
- Regions of continuous cell division and growth in plants
- Apical meristems: found at tips of root and shoots, increase in length as they produce new cells and primary tissues
- Lateral meristems: produce tissues that increase in girth of roots and stems, occur at cambium
- Intercalary meristems: found at the base of leaves and internodes
Permanent Tissues
- Plant cells that are no longer actively dividing
- Complex tissues: composed of multiple types of cells
- Dermal tissue: outermost layer of cells, protects plant from external factors
- Vascular tissue: responsible for transportation of water, nutrients, and sugars
- Ground tissue: acts as food storage and site of cellular regeneration and photosynthesis
Simple Tissues
- Parenchyma: most abundant tissue in plants, has thin cell walls and intercellular air spaces
- Collenchyma: provides support in soft, non-woody plant organs, has elongated cells with plasticity
- Sclerenchyma: support tissue composed of hard, woody cells, impregnated with lignin
- Periderm: replaces the epidermis in stems and roots of older woody plants
Meristematic Growth
- Primary growth: increase in length of plant, occurs at tips of stems and roots, takes place at apical meristems
- Secondary growth: increase in girth of plants, occurs in gymnosperms or woody eudicots, takes place at lateral meristems
Other Tissues and Structures
- Protoderm: found in outermost layer of cells, has flat, brick-shaped cells
- Cuticle: prevents water loss, forms a waxy layer on the surface of plants
- Pro cambium: forms cambium and primary vascular tissues
- Cortex: ground tissue that usually forms between dermal and vascular tissue
- Pith: ground tissue that usually forms inside the vascular tissue
- Hemicellulose: used as energy source by germinating embryos
- Chlorenchyma: chloroplast-containing cells that specialize in photosynthesis
- Aerenchyma: tissue with extensive connected air/intracellular spaces
- Sclereids: protects seeds inside fruit, forms impenetrable surfaces
- Fibers: resist attacks from insects, fungi, and pests
- Cutin: fatty substance in cuticle that prevents loss of water
- Trichomes: special outgrowths or hairs
- Stomata: tiny pores that facilitate diffusion of carbon dioxide
- Cork cells: cells that are dead at maturity and are coated with suberin
- Xylem: conducts water and minerals, and is dead at maturity
- Phloem: distributes food and minerals
Meristematic Tissues
- Regions of continuous cell division and growth in plants
- Apical meristems: found at tips of root and shoots, increase in length as they produce new cells and primary tissues
- Lateral meristems: produce tissues that increase in girth of roots and stems, occur at cambium
- Intercalary meristems: found at the base of leaves and internodes
Permanent Tissues
- Plant cells that are no longer actively dividing
- Complex tissues: composed of multiple types of cells
- Dermal tissue: outermost layer of cells, protects plant from external factors
- Vascular tissue: responsible for transportation of water, nutrients, and sugars
- Ground tissue: acts as food storage and site of cellular regeneration and photosynthesis
Simple Tissues
- Parenchyma: most abundant tissue in plants, has thin cell walls and intercellular air spaces
- Collenchyma: provides support in soft, non-woody plant organs, has elongated cells with plasticity
- Sclerenchyma: support tissue composed of hard, woody cells, impregnated with lignin
- Periderm: replaces the epidermis in stems and roots of older woody plants
Meristematic Growth
- Primary growth: increase in length of plant, occurs at tips of stems and roots, takes place at apical meristems
- Secondary growth: increase in girth of plants, occurs in gymnosperms or woody eudicots, takes place at lateral meristems
Other Tissues and Structures
- Protoderm: found in outermost layer of cells, has flat, brick-shaped cells
- Cuticle: prevents water loss, forms a waxy layer on the surface of plants
- Pro cambium: forms cambium and primary vascular tissues
- Cortex: ground tissue that usually forms between dermal and vascular tissue
- Pith: ground tissue that usually forms inside the vascular tissue
- Hemicellulose: used as energy source by germinating embryos
- Chlorenchyma: chloroplast-containing cells that specialize in photosynthesis
- Aerenchyma: tissue with extensive connected air/intracellular spaces
- Sclereids: protects seeds inside fruit, forms impenetrable surfaces
- Fibers: resist attacks from insects, fungi, and pests
- Cutin: fatty substance in cuticle that prevents loss of water
- Trichomes: special outgrowths or hairs
- Stomata: tiny pores that facilitate diffusion of carbon dioxide
- Cork cells: cells that are dead at maturity and are coated with suberin
- Xylem: conducts water and minerals, and is dead at maturity
- Phloem: distributes food and minerals
This quiz covers the different types of plant tissues, including meristematic and permanent tissues, and their functions in plant growth and development.
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