Plant Tissues Overview

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Questions and Answers

What are osteosclereids most commonly found in?

Leaves of monocots

Seed coat and fruit wall (correct)

Vascular tissue

Root epidermis

What shape are astrosclereids?

Cuboid shaped

Irregular shaped

Star shaped (correct)

Round shaped

Which type of fibers is associated with the xylem?

Phloem fibers

Cortical fibers

Extraxylary fibers

Xylary fibers (correct)

What characterizes tracheids in xylem?

Long thin cells with tapered ends Signup and view all the answers

How does water move from cell to cell in tracheids?

By simple pits Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by bordered pits in tracheids?

They reinforce the pit membrane Signup and view all the answers

What are the two kinds of primary xylem tissue?

Protoxylem and metaxylem Signup and view all the answers

Where can you typically find glandular trichomes?

On bud scales Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of promeristem in plants?

Gives rise to the meristems above. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of parenchyma is specifically involved in photosynthesis?

Chlorenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of xylem fibers in plants?

Provide structural support and form wood Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of transfer cells?

Highly convoluted cell walls to increase transport capacity. Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the phloem tissue is responsible for transporting sugars?

Sieve tube members Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sclereid is known to be isodiametric in shape and found in fruit pulp?

Brachysclereids Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates metaxylem from protoxylem?

Metaxylem has undergone differentiation after protoxylem Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aerenchyma tissue in plants?

Enhances gas exchange due to large intercellular spaces. Signup and view all the answers

Glandular cells are specialized parenchyma cells that primarily serve what function?

Secrete nectar, fragrances, and mucilage. Signup and view all the answers

What role do companion cells play in phloem tissue?

Help load and unload sugars into sieve tubes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the function of xylem parenchyma?

Stores substances and aids in lateral transport of water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of collenchyma provides structural support with minimal metabolic requirements?

Lacunar collenchyma Signup and view all the answers

What role do parenchyma cells play in repair and regeneration?

They are capable of cell division to help repair damaged tissues. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in phloem tissue has no organelles at functional maturity?

Sieve tube members Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vascular cambium?

To produce secondary xylem and phloem Signup and view all the answers

Which component of xylem is involved in conducting water?

Tracheids Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Tissue Types

Promeristem: Gives rise to meristems responsible for growth.

Ground Tissue Functions

In roots:
- Perceives gravity, determining root growth direction.
- Produces mucilage for soil penetration.
- Forms protective sheath around root tips.
Parenchyma:
- Functions in photosynthesis and organic product storage.
- Capable of cell division for repair and regeneration.

Special Types of Parenchyma

Chlorenchyma:
- Photosynthetic parenchyma with abundant chloroplasts.
- Thin cell walls facilitate light and CO2 passage.
Glandular Cells:
- Secrete nectar, resins, and oils.
- Contain few chloroplasts but numerous dictyosomes and endoplasmic reticulum.
Transfer Cells:
- Short-distance transport of materials with convoluted walls.
- Increases cell membrane surface area for enhanced transport.
Aerenchyma:
- Tissue with large intercellular spaces for gas exchange.
- Provides support with minimal energy use.

Sclerenchyma Types

Brachysclereids (stone cells):
- Isodiametric shape in fruit pulp and coconut pericarp.
Macrosclereids:
- Rod-like structures found in leguminous bark and seed coats.
Osteosclereids:
- Bonelike sclereids present in seed coats and fruit walls.
Astrosclereids:
- Star-shaped sclereids located in the leaves of dicots and gymnosperms.

Fibers

Xylary Fibers: Associated with xylem, providing structural support.
Extraxylary Fibers: Associated with cortex and phloem, including phloem fiber caps.

Vascular Tissue Composition

Epidermis: Protective outer layer.
Xylem and Phloem Tissues: Two primary conducting systems.

Xylem Tissue Classification

Primary Xylem: Originates from procambium.
- Protoxylem: First formed xylem elements.
- Metaxylem: Differentiated from protoxylem.
Secondary Xylem: Produced by vascular cambium.

Xylem Components

Xylem Parenchyma: Living cells for storage and lateral transport.
Xylem Fibers: Sclerenchyma fibers forming wood.

Phloem Structure

Sieve Tube Members: Living cells responsible for sugar transport, lack organelles.
Companion Cells: Assist sieve tube members in sugar loading and unloading.

Phloem Associated Tissue

Phloem Parenchyma: Thin-walled cells near sieve tubes for support.
Phloem Fibers: Sclerenchyma fibers provide additional support forming the phloem fiber cap.

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Description

Explore the various types of plant tissues and their functions in this quiz. Learn how promeristem and parenchyma contribute to plant growth, gravity perception, and repair. Evaluate your understanding of plant anatomy and its significance in the processes of growth and photosynthesis.