Plant Tissues Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the dermal tissue system?

  • Store sugars and starches
  • Conduct water and nutrients
  • Form the protective outer layer (correct)
  • Provide structural support

    • The vascular tissue system is responsible for photosynthesis in plants.

    False

    Name the two types of vascular tissue in plants.

    Xylem and phloem

    The waxy __________ that coats the epidermis helps prevent water loss.

    <p>cuticle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of tissue to their primary function:

    <p>Dermal Tissue = Protection and gas exchange Ground Tissue = Storage and photosynthesis Vascular Tissue = Transport of water and nutrients Cork Cells = Waterproof protection in woody plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is primarily responsible for photosynthesis in leaves?

    <p>Ground tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cork cells are living cells that help with water absorption.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the nonwoody parts of a plant, dermal tissue forms a layer called the __________.

    <p>epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of root hairs?

    <p>To increase surface area for absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adventitious roots grow from the ground and are typically found underground.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the mass of cells that covers and protects the actively growing root tip?

    <p>root cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do botanists refer to as a 'sink' in a plant?

    <p>A part that actively grows, like root tips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ___ tissue surrounds the vascular tissue in roots.

    <p>cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are vascular bundles arranged in dicot stems?

    <p>In a ring formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All organic compounds in a plant move only upwards in the phloem.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the movement of organic compounds from a source to a sink in plants?

    <p>translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Woody roots have layers of xylem that replace the ground tissue over time.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sugar from a source enters phloem cells by __________.

    <p>active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of roots with their examples.

    <p>Adventitious roots = Orchids Prop roots = Corn Fibrous roots = Grasses Taproots = Carrots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the components of the pressure-flow model of translocation with their descriptions:

    <p>Source = Where sugar is produced and enters phloem Phloem = Where translocation occurs and transports sugar Osmosis = Process that allows water to enter sieve tubes from xylem Sink = Where sugar is delivered and utilized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of epidermis in roots?

    <p>To cover the root and protect it except for the root tip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the spongy layer in leaves?

    <p>Gas exchange and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The movement of water in plants occurs only through the phloem.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is transpiration?

    <p>The loss of water vapor from a plant through stomata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tiny pores on the surface of leaves that allow gas exchange are called __________.

    <p>stomata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for the upward movement of water in plants via cohesion?

    <p>Xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Guard cells help in the opening and closing of stomata.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following parts of the plant with their functions:

    <p>Xylem = Transporting water and minerals Phloem = Transporting organic compounds Guard Cells = Regulating stomata Stomata = Gas exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells conducts water and mineral nutrients from a plant's roots to its leaves?

    <p>Xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The conducting cells in xylem, upon maturity, have their cell walls intact.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cells called that conduct sugars and other nutrients in a plant?

    <p>Phloem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of root system typically found in dicots, such as carrots, is called a ________ system.

    <p>taproot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the plant tissues with their corresponding cell types:

    <p>Dermal Tissue = Guard cells Ground Tissue = Mesophyll cells Vascular Tissue = Sieve-tube cells Cork cells = Dermal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of xylem cell is found in all vascular plants?

    <p>Tracheids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vessel cells in xylem are narrower and more tapered at the ends than tracheids.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What carries out metabolic functions for sieve-tube cells in phloem?

    <p>Companion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the woody stem is responsible for the transportation of water?

    <p>Xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All leaves have a petiole that attaches them to the stem.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the mesophyll in a leaf?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The layer of bark that protects woody stems and helps prevent water loss is called __________.

    <p>cork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following leaf types with their descriptions:

    <p>Simple Leaves = Leaves with an undivided blade Compound Leaves = Leaves with two or more leaflets Palisade Layer = Layer of tightly packed cells in a leaf Cuticle = Water-repellent coating on leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the tendrils in garden peas?

    <p>Support for climbing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heartwood is involved in conducting water.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in leaves contains both xylem and phloem?

    <p>Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Tissues

    • A plant's body is composed of tissues forming organs.
    • Vascular plants have three tissue systems:
      • Dermal: Protective outer layer.
      • Ground: Makes up much of non-woody parts (roots, stems, leaves).
      • Vascular: Conducts water, minerals, and organic compounds.

    Dermal Tissue System

    • Covers the plant's body, forming a "skin" (epidermis) in non-woody plants.
    • Epidermis is typically a single layer of flat cells.
    • A waxy cuticle reduces water loss, often with hair-like extensions.
    • Cork, composed of multiple layers of dead cells, replaces epidermis in woody stems/roots. Cork is waterproof and doesn't have a waxy cuticle.
    • Functions in protection; gas exchange, and absorption of mineral nutrients.

    Ground Tissue System

    • Forms the majority of the plant's inside.
    • Mostly thin-walled, living cells.
    • Thick-walled cells are also present.
    • Functions vary based on location:
      • Photosynthesis (chloroplasts present in leaves).
      • Storage of water, sugars, and starch (in stems and roots).
    • Supports other tissue types (vascular tissue) throughout the plant.

    Vascular Tissue System

    • Forms strands (like tiny pipes) conducting fluids.
    • Two types:
      • Xylem: Conducts water and minerals. Conducting cells lose organelles (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm).
      • Phloem: Conducts sugars and other nutrients. Cells have a cell wall, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.
    • Cells are stacked end-to-end.
    • Pores in the cells (pits and perforations) aid in rapid transport.

    Roots

    • Anchor the plant. Absorb water and minerals.
    • Storage for organic nutrients (sugar, starch).
    • Taproot (central root with smaller branches) or fibrous (highly branched).
    • Adventitious roots grow from stems or leaves.
    • Vascular tissue is surrounded by ground tissue (cortex) which is surrounded by dermal tissue.

    Stems

    • Support leaves and transport substances (vascular tissue).
    • Specialized for functions like water storage (cacti) or asexual reproduction (potatoes).
    • Nodes (where leaves attach) and internodes (spaces between nodes) are present.
    • Buds allow growth.
    • Types:
      • Herbaceous (flexible, green). Bundle of vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) is present.
      • Woody (stiff, non-green). Has a pith (ground tissue inside the ring) and cortex (ground tissue outside the ring). Xylem and Phloem make the inner cylinder.

    Leaves

    • Primary photosynthetic organs.
    • Blade (flattened part), petiole (stalk).
    • Simple (undivided blade) or compound (divided blade).
    • Modified leaves (e.g., cactus spines, pea tendrils).
    • Mesophyll (ground tissue in leaves): Palisade Layer (closely packed cells), Spongy Layer (loosely packed cells), both with chloroplasts.
    • Stomata (tiny pores in epidermis) regulate gas exchange.

    Movement of Water in Plants

    • Water moves from roots to leaves via xylem.
    • Transpiration (water loss from leaves) pulls water upward.
    • Cohesion of water molecules and transpiration pull create a pressure gradient.
    • Osmosis at the root level replenishes lost water.

    Guard Cells and Transpiration

    • Guard cells control the opening and closing of stomata (pores).
    • Water levels within guard cells affect their turgor pressure influencing stoma size.

    Movement of Organic Compounds in Plants

    • Organic compounds (sugars) move from sources (where made) to sinks (where used) using phloem.
    • Translocation is the process.
    • Active transport moves sugars in and out of cells, and water moves through osmosis.
    • Pressure-flow model (from a source to a sink): Active transport increases sugar concentration inside of phloem cells, water diffuses into xylem, pressure pushes contents through the phloem cells.

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    Description

    Explore the three main tissue systems of vascular plants: dermal, ground, and vascular. This quiz will test your understanding of their structure, functions, and interactions within the plant body. Learn how these tissues contribute to plant health and growth.

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