CIE AS Biology 7.1 Transport Tissues
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Questions and Answers

What are the functions of xylem tissue in a plant? (Select all that apply)

  • Store food (correct)
  • Structural support (correct)
  • Transport dissolved minerals and water around the plant (correct)

Dicotyledonous plants have seeds that contain one cotyledon.

False (B)

Which of the following is NOT a cell type found in xylem tissue?

  • Tracheids
  • Companion cells (correct)
  • Sclerenchyma cells
  • Vessel elements

What is the main function of phloem tissue in a plant?

<p>Transport organic compounds, particularly sucrose, from the source (e.g. leaf) to the sink (e.g. roots).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is xylem tissue located in the stem of a dicotyledonous plant?

<p>In the center of the vascular bundle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The transport of organic compounds in phloem tissue can only occur upwards.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main types of cells that make up the bulk of phloem tissue?

<p>Sieve tube elements and companion cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of mature sieve tube elements?

<p>Presence of sieve plates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Companion cells have lignified cell walls.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the comparison of xylem and phloem tissue?

<p>Both xylem and phloem tissue transport organic compounds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of transportation in xylem tissue called?

<p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Mature xylem tissue is made up of living cells.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What are dicotyledonous plants?

Dicotyledonous plants, commonly called dicots, are a diverse group of flowering plants that possess certain defining characteristics.

What is a tap root?

A tap root is a main, thick root with smaller lateral branches extending from it.

What is a stem?

A stem is the supporting structure of a plant that connects the roots to the leaves, branches, and flowers. It plays a vital role in transporting substances throughout the plant.

What is a leaf?

A leaf is a flattened organ of a plant that specializes in photosynthesis. They are typically broad and have stalks called petioles.

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What are vascular tissues?

Vascular tissues in plants are specialized tissues that transport substances throughout the organism. The two main types are xylem and phloem.

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What is the function of xylem tissue?

Xylem tissue is responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the other parts of the plant.

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What is the function of phloem tissue?

Phloem tissue transports organic compounds, primarily sugars, from the source (e.g., leaves) to the sink (e.g., roots).

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What are vascular bundles?

Vascular bundles are groups of xylem and phloem tissues that run alongside one another, forming a network throughout the plant.

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How are vascular bundles arranged in different plant organs?

The arrangement of vascular bundles differs in roots, stems, and leaves to provide structural support and efficient transport based on each organ's needs.

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How are vascular bundles arranged in roots?

In roots, vascular bundles are located in the center, with xylem forming the core. This arrangement strengthens the roots to withstand pulling forces as the plant transports water upwards.

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How are vascular bundles arranged in stems?

In stems, vascular bundles are arranged around the outer region, with xylem located on the inner side. This arrangement provides structural support for the stem.

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How are vascular bundles arranged in leaves?

In leaves, vascular bundles form the midrib and veins, extending from the center in parallel lines. The xylem is located on the upper side of the bundles, closer to the top of the leaf.

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What are tracheids?

Tracheids are long, narrow cells in xylem with tapered ends and pits in their walls. They play a major role in water transportation and support.

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What are vessel elements?

Vessel elements are large cells in xylem with thickened walls and no end plates when mature, providing structural support and allowing for efficient water transport.

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What are xylem parenchyma cells?

Xylem parenchyma cells are living cells in the xylem, involved in storage and lateral transport of substances within the xylem.

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What are sclerenchyma cells?

Sclerenchyma cells, including fibers and sclereids, are thick-walled cells that provide structural support and rigidity to the xylem tissue.

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What is lignin?

Lignin is a complex organic polymer that strengthens the cell walls of xylem cells, making them rigid and impermeable to water. This allows xylem to withstand hydrostatic pressure.

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What are pits in xylem cells?

Pits in the walls of xylem cells are small openings that allow for lateral movement of water between adjacent cells, which helps to maintain a continuous flow of water in the case of air bubbles forming.

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What are sieve tube elements?

Sieve tube elements are long, slender cells in phloem that line up end-to-end to form continuous tubes. They are responsible for transporting sugars and nutrients throughout the plant.

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What are sieve plates?

Sieve plates are perforated walls between adjacent sieve tube elements, allowing for the continuous movement of sugars and nutrients.

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What are companion cells?

Companion cells are specialized cells in phloem that are closely associated with sieve tube elements. They provide metabolic support and help with loading and unloading sugars into sieve tubes.

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What are plasmodesmata?

Plasmodesmata are microscopic channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for the passage of substances between them, including sugars moving from companion cells to sieve tubes.

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What drives the transportation of water in xylem?

The process of transporting water and dissolved minerals up the xylem is driven by transpiration, the process of water evaporation from leaves.

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What drives the transportation of sugars in phloem?

Active translocation is the process of transporting sugars and other organic compounds throughout the phloem.

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What are the directions of flow in xylem and phloem?

The direction of flow in xylem is one-way, from roots to leaves, while the flow in phloem can be both upwards and downwards, depending on the location of the source and sink.

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Are xylem and phloem cells living or dead?

Mature xylem cells are dead, lacking a nucleus and other organelles, whereas phloem cells are living, containing a nucleus and other organelles, including companion cells.

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What are the wall materials for xylem and phloem?

Xylem walls are made of lignin and cellulose, providing strength and water impermeability. Phloem walls are primarily made of cellulose.

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Study Notes

CIE AS Biology 7.1 Structure of Transport Tissues

  • Plant transport systems efficiently move substances throughout the plant
  • Dicotyledonous plants have two seed leaves (cotyledons) and a network of veins in their leaves
  • Leaves typically have broad blades and petioles (stalks)
  • Transport systems are crucial for meeting plant metabolic demands for glucose, hormones, and mineral ions
  • Plants need to transport glucose produced during photosynthesis to other parts of the plant
  • Water from the roots needs to be transported to the upper parts of the plant
  • The vascular system comprises xylem and phloem
  • Xylem transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the rest of the plant
  • Phloem transports substances from a source (e.g., leaf) to a sink (e.g., root)
  • Vascular bundles contain xylem and phloem
  • Xylem tissue is located in the center of root vascular bundles, surrounding the outside of stem bundles, and in the center of leaf veins.
  • Phloem is located around the outside of the stem vascular bundles and on the lower side of leaf veins.
  • Xylem vessels are composed of tracheids and vessel elements, which are water-conducting cells
  • Xylem vessels have thick walls strengthened by lignin, preventing collapse and providing support
  • Phloem tissue is made up of sieve tube elements and companion cells, which are involved in transport of organic materials (mainly sucrose) throughout the plant
  • Sieve tube elements are arranged end-to-end to form a continuous tube
  • Companion cells control the metabolism of the associated sieve tube member

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CIE AS Biology 7.1 Structure of Transport Tissues PDF

Description

Explore the essential structure and function of transport tissues in plants. This quiz covers the vascular system, including xylem and phloem, and their roles in moving water, minerals, and nutrients throughout the plant. Understand how these systems support plant metabolism and growth.

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