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What is the principle of plant tissue culture that allows single cells to generate a new plant?
What is the principle of plant tissue culture that allows single cells to generate a new plant?
What is the purpose of sterilizing the surface of living plant materials in plant tissue culture?
What is the purpose of sterilizing the surface of living plant materials in plant tissue culture?
What is the composition of solid and liquid media in plant tissue culture?
What is the composition of solid and liquid media in plant tissue culture?
Why is a controlled environment necessary for plant tissue culture?
Why is a controlled environment necessary for plant tissue culture?
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What is the result of plant tissue culture?
What is the result of plant tissue culture?
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What is the purpose of adding a gelling agent to liquid media in plant tissue culture?
What is the purpose of adding a gelling agent to liquid media in plant tissue culture?
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What is the effect of an excess of auxin on the growth of tissues in plant tissue culture?
What is the effect of an excess of auxin on the growth of tissues in plant tissue culture?
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What is the purpose of sub-culturing pieces of tissue onto new media in plant tissue culture?
What is the purpose of sub-culturing pieces of tissue onto new media in plant tissue culture?
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What is one of the applications of plant tissue culture technology?
What is one of the applications of plant tissue culture technology?
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What is a benefit of using plant tissue culture for plant propagation?
What is a benefit of using plant tissue culture for plant propagation?
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Study Notes
Plant Tissue Culture
- Plant tissue culture is the in vitro aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs, or whole plants under controlled nutritional and environmental conditions to produce clones of plants.
- It relies on the ability of many plant cells to regenerate a whole plant (totipotency).
- The technique involves growing plant cells, tissues, or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition.
Principle of Plant Tissue Culture
- Single cells, protoplasts, pieces of leaves, stems, or roots can be used to generate a new plant on culture media with required nutrients and plant hormones.
- Controlled conditions provide an environment conducive for growth and multiplication.
- Conditions include proper supply of nutrients, pH medium, adequate temperature, and proper gaseous and liquid environment.
Plant Tissue Culture Technique
- Preparation of plant tissue is performed under aseptic conditions using a laminar flow cabinet.
- Tissue is grown in sterile containers, such as Petri dishes or flasks, in a growth room with controlled temperature and light intensity.
- Plant materials are sterilized with sodium or calcium hypochlorite to remove microorganisms before taking explants.
- Sterile explants are placed on the surface of a sterile solid culture medium or in a sterile liquid medium.
- Solid media are prepared from liquid media with the addition of a gelling agent, usually purified agar.
- The composition of the medium, particularly plant hormones and nitrogen source, affects the morphology of the tissues that grow.
Applications and Advantages
- Plant tissue culture technology is used for large-scale plant multiplication, disease elimination, plant improvement, and production of secondary metabolites.
- Small pieces of tissue (explants) can be used to produce hundreds and thousands of plants in a continuous process.
- A single explant can be multiplied into several thousand plants in a relatively short time period and space under controlled conditions.
- Endangered, threatened, and rare species have been successfully grown and conserved by micropropagation due to the high coefficient of multiplication.
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of plant tissue culture, including the principles and techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues, or organs under sterile conditions.
