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Questions and Answers
What is one of the main advantages of somaclonal variation in crop improvement?
What is one of the main advantages of somaclonal variation in crop improvement?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of somaclonal variation?
Which of the following is a disadvantage of somaclonal variation?
Somaclonal variation is less suitable for which type of traits?
Somaclonal variation is less suitable for which type of traits?
In the context of somaclonal variation, which of the following statements is true?
In the context of somaclonal variation, which of the following statements is true?
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What is a significant characteristic of somaclonal variation that can be problematic for certain industries?
What is a significant characteristic of somaclonal variation that can be problematic for certain industries?
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What characteristic distinguishes friable callus from compact callus?
What characteristic distinguishes friable callus from compact callus?
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Which stage of callus culture involves rapid cell division?
Which stage of callus culture involves rapid cell division?
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What is a defining feature of embryogenic callus?
What is a defining feature of embryogenic callus?
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What significant change occurs during habituation in long-term cell culture?
What significant change occurs during habituation in long-term cell culture?
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In cell suspension culture, what is Pectinase used for?
In cell suspension culture, what is Pectinase used for?
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During which phase of the growth curve do cells prepare to divide?
During which phase of the growth curve do cells prepare to divide?
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What defines the stationary phase in cell suspension culture?
What defines the stationary phase in cell suspension culture?
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What is required for a suspension culture to grow effectively?
What is required for a suspension culture to grow effectively?
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What method can lead to the production of gynogenic haploids?
What method can lead to the production of gynogenic haploids?
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What is a primary advantage of anther culture compared to pollen culture?
What is a primary advantage of anther culture compared to pollen culture?
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Which of the following is NOT a limitation of gynogenesis?
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of gynogenesis?
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What technique enables the production of a diploid plant from haploid tissue?
What technique enables the production of a diploid plant from haploid tissue?
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What is a method of cryopreservation used in germplasm conservation?
What is a method of cryopreservation used in germplasm conservation?
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Which statement is true regarding somaclonal variation?
Which statement is true regarding somaclonal variation?
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What is indicated as a disadvantage of ex-situ germplasm conservation?
What is indicated as a disadvantage of ex-situ germplasm conservation?
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What is the primary purpose of germplasm conservation?
What is the primary purpose of germplasm conservation?
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What happens to the number of live cells during the death phase of cell culture?
What happens to the number of live cells during the death phase of cell culture?
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Which of the following accurately describes a bioreactor?
Which of the following accurately describes a bioreactor?
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What is protoplast fusion in plants primarily used for?
What is protoplast fusion in plants primarily used for?
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Which process involves manipulating an unfertilized egg to develop into a haploid plant?
Which process involves manipulating an unfertilized egg to develop into a haploid plant?
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What characterizes haploid plants in plant breeding?
What characterizes haploid plants in plant breeding?
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Which of the following chemicals is known to induce chromosomal elimination in somatic cells, potentially leading to haploids?
Which of the following chemicals is known to induce chromosomal elimination in somatic cells, potentially leading to haploids?
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What type of haploid production is referred to as androgenesis?
What type of haploid production is referred to as androgenesis?
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What role do ultra violet rays or X-rays play in haploid production?
What role do ultra violet rays or X-rays play in haploid production?
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What term is used to describe the production of new organs from an explant in plant tissue culture?
What term is used to describe the production of new organs from an explant in plant tissue culture?
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What is the defining characteristic of somatic embryos compared to zygotic embryos?
What is the defining characteristic of somatic embryos compared to zygotic embryos?
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Which of the following components is essential for the formation of callus in culture?
Which of the following components is essential for the formation of callus in culture?
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What does the term 'dedifferentiation' refer to in plant tissue culture?
What does the term 'dedifferentiation' refer to in plant tissue culture?
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What advantage does somatic embryogenesis provide in plant tissue culture?
What advantage does somatic embryogenesis provide in plant tissue culture?
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Which part of the plant is NOT typically used for callus production?
Which part of the plant is NOT typically used for callus production?
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What type of callus culture results in a loose mass of cells rather than a compact structure?
What type of callus culture results in a loose mass of cells rather than a compact structure?
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What is a key limitation of haploid production in plant tissue culture?
What is a key limitation of haploid production in plant tissue culture?
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Study Notes
Plant Tissue Culture Application
- Plant tissue culture involves cultivating plant cells, tissues, or organs in a controlled environment.
- It's used for various applications, including micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, and haploid production.
Suspension Culture, Somatic Embryogenesis
- Suspension culture involves growing cells in a liquid medium.
- Somatic embryogenesis is the process where somatic cells develop into embryos.
- Somatic embryos can arise directly from explants or indirectly after callusing.
- Somatic embryos resemble zygotic embryos but aren't connected to the explant or callus by vascular tissues.
- Somatic embryogenesis allows large-scale vegetative propagation especially using bioreactors
- Somatic embryos can be cryopreserved for long-term storage.
Organogenesis, Micropropagation
- Organogenesis is the formation of new organs (like shoots or roots) not present in the original explant.
- Morphogenic tissues or organs are ones capable of organogenesis.
- Adventitious shoots or roots are new shoots or roots induced to form on cultured plant tissues.
- Micropropagation is a method of plant propagation using tissue culture, creating numerous copies of a plant from a small piece of tissue.
Haploid Production and Its Application & Limitations
- Haploids have a single set of chromosomes.
- Haploid plants are essential for producing homozygous lines and in plant breeding.
- Haploid production can be achieved through androgenesis (male gametophytes) and gynogenesis (female gametophytes).
- Methods include anther/pollen culture, microspore culture, interspecific crossing, and irradiation.
- Chemicals like chloramphenicol, colchicine, and nitrous oxide can induce chromosomal elimination to yield haploids.
- Anther culture is quick, easy, and practical but plants may be at different ploidy levels.
Short Term & Long Term Germplasm Conservation
- Germplasm conservation is the preservation of genetic diversity in plants.
- It involves in situ (in natural habitats) and ex situ (gene banks, seed banks) methods.
- In vitro methods for germplasm conservation include cryopreservation and cold storage, and low-pressure and low-oxygen storage.
Somaclonal Variation
- Somaclonal variation describes genetic variation in plant progeny.
- It's observed in plants regenerated from somatic cells cultured in vitro.
- Variation can be useful for breeding crop plants, generating new varieties, or selecting toxin, herbicide, salt, or mineral-resistant traits.
- While somaclonal variation offers advantages, it also comes with disadvantages, including potential undesirable traits.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of plant tissue culture, where plant cells, tissues, and organs are cultivated in controlled environments. This quiz delves into essential concepts such as micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis, and suspension culture techniques. Test your understanding of the processes that allow for innovative propagation methods and long-term storage solutions.
