Plant Thermotherapy Effects Quiz
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Questions and Answers

In which temperature range does thermotherapy treatment involve keeping plants or plant parts for an appropriate period?

35°C and 54°C

What is cryotherapy, a new approach within thermotherapy, involve?

freezing shoot tips in liquid nitrogen and subsequent regeneration to shoots, resulting in virus-free plants with high efficiency

What percentage of trials involve plant thermotherapy as the most frequently applied sanitation technique?

54%

What are the key sources of information for the study?

<p>ScienceCitation Index (SCI), Science Direct (SD), and Google Scholar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some of the abbreviations used in the paper?

<p>CMV, IMP, IMPDH, SAH, SAM, TMV, VIGS, INIA, SJAR, ISSN, eISSN, and ISI</p> Signup and view all the answers

  1. What is the potential influence of temperature on Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in plants, as indicated by the text?

<p>The text suggests that higher temperatures can increase gene silencing and decrease susceptibility to virus infections, while low temperatures are effective for VIGS but increased heat stress enhances the host defense system's capacity, creating a barrier to infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

  1. What are the differences in the effectiveness of thermotherapy against parenchymatic and phloematic viruses in plants, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Thermotherapy has been more effective against parenchymatic viruses localized in differentiated tissue, whereas meristem culture is suitable for phloematic viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

  1. How has research in the past 20 years contributed to understanding plant defense mechanisms against viral infections?

<p>Research has focused on the metabolic processes involved in plant defense mechanisms, specifically the Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) triggered by viral RNA in infected plants. This mechanism has been identified as an efficient and specific defense mechanism occurring at the genomic level, characterized by adaptability and mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

  1. What influential parameters beyond tissue localization have been suggested in the thermotherapy elimination of phloematic viruses in plants?

<p>The text suggests that studies have identified differences in the susceptibility of various phloematic viruses to thermotherapy elimination, indicating other influential parameters beyond tissue localization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

  1. What is the importance of understanding temperature-dependent gene silencing mechanisms in effectively eliminating viral infections in plants, as demonstrated by the study by Chellapan et al. (2005)?

<p>The study by Chellapan et al. (2005) demonstrated the importance of understanding the temperature-dependent gene silencing mechanisms for effectively eliminating viral infections in plants, emphasizing the significance of investigating the influence of temperature on antiviral silencing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique is most frequently used in potato for eliminating viruses from plants according to the text?

<p>chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three groups of antiviral drugs mentioned in the text.

<p>inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase inhibitors, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is reported to have successfully eradicated viruses belonging to the most families?

<p>thermotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the most frequent targets of sanitation protocols among woody plants?

<p>grapevine, apple, and peach</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the interpretation of thermotherapy effects consider, with particular reference to virus-induced gene silencing?

<p>the new metabolic 'pathways' triggered by the natural antiviral response emitted by the infected plant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of thermotherapy in eliminating plant viruses?

<p>Thermotherapy involves exposing infected plants to high temperatures, which induces silencing of the virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which research study achieved similar results to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) when treating Cassava mosaic disease in Nicotiana benthamiana plants?

<p>Qu et al. (2005) achieved similar results to VIGS when using thermotherapy to treat Cassava mosaic disease in Nicotiana benthamiana plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant discovery in antiviral chemotherapy research is mentioned in the text?

<p>Ribavirin, a nucleoside analogue, was a significant discovery in antiviral chemotherapy research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compounds were mentioned as effective against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in the text?

<p>Bitriazolyl compounds, tylophorine B, phenanthrene-based tylophorine derivatives, derivatives of thiadiazole-acetamide, and cyanoacrylate derivatives were effective against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What combination of substances was effective in eliminating Grapevine vitivirus A?

<p>Dihydroxypropyladenine in combination with ribavirin was effective in eliminating Grapevine vitivirus A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

  • The text discusses research on eliminating plant viruses using thermotherapy and chemotherapy.
  • Thermotherapy involves exposing infected plants to high temperatures, which induces silencing of the virus.
  • Cassavamosaic disease was studied on Nicotiana benthamiana plants infected with the disease, and thermotherapy achieved similar results to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS).
  • Qu et al. (2005) investigated the role of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in silencing complex formation in N. benthamiana plants infected with Potato virus X.
  • Wang et al. (2008) combined thermotherapy and cryotherapy to remove meristem tips from raspberry plants infected with Raspberry dwarf virus, noting the close relationship between temperature and RNA silencing.
  • The development of antiviral chemotherapy in medicine provided a basis for research on phytoviruses.
  • Ribavirin, a nucleoside analogue, was a significant discovery in antiviral chemotherapy research.
  • Herbaceous plants have been more frequently studied than woody plants in chemotherapy trials.
  • Potato, orchid, tobacco, grapevine, apple, and plum have been the most treated hosts.
  • Nine families and an unassigned genus of viruses have been successfully treated with chemotherapy, using prodrugs such as ribavirin and synthetic nucleosides or non-nucleosides.
  • Panattoni et al. (2005, 2007a) used synthetic nucleosides against Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3), and obtained interesting results.
  • Dihydroxypropyladenine in combination with ribavirin eliminated Grapevine vitivirus A.
  • Oseltamivir was effective against CMV and GLRaV-3 in vitro.
  • Bitriazolyl compounds, tylophorine B, phenanthrene-based tylophorine derivatives, derivatives of thiadiazole-acetamide, and cyanoacrylate derivatives were effective against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), but no sanitized plants were reported for these novel compounds.

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Test your knowledge on the effects of plant thermotherapy on grapevines. Explore the reported specific effects and the mechanism of action behind the process.

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