Plant Structure and Function Review

Non-living plant tissue that transports water and minerals from roots to leaves.

Living plant tissue that transports sugars produced during photosynthesis from leaves to other parts of the plant.

A waxy layer covering the upper surface of a leaf that prevents water loss while allowing light to pass through.

The upper layer of mesophyll tissue with a high concentration of chloroplasts, making it the primary site of photosynthesis.

The lower layer of mesophyll tissue with loosely packed cells and large air spaces for gas exchange.

An unspecialized plant cell that divides to produce specialized cells found in root tips, shoots, buds, and areas of new growth.

The outermost layer of plant tissue that protects the plant from the environment, herbivores, and insects.

A system of internal tubes connecting the roots and leaves, composed of xylem and phloem.

Non-living cells that transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.

Living cells that transport carbohydrates from the leaves to areas of growth or storage.

Tissue located between dermal and vascular tissues, with various functions, including photosynthesis, support, and nutrient storage.

Hair-like extensions that increase surface area for water and mineral absorption from the soil.

The region in a root where new cells are produced.

Tiny openings on the surface of a leaf that regulate gas exchange and water loss.

Specialized cells surrounding stomata that control their opening and closing, regulating gas exchange and water transpiration.

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, using carbon dioxide and water.

Green pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

Specialized organelles within plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.

The process of water evaporation from leaves, creating a force that helps move water through the xylem.

The part of a plant that anchors it in the soil, absorbs water and nutrients.

The part of a plant that includes stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.

The process by which water molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane.

The movement of molecules or particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they're evenly distributed.

The process of a plant growing larger in diameter due to the production of new vascular tissue.

A root system with one main, thick root and smaller branches.

A root system with many thin roots that spread out from the base of the stem.

A plant with one seed leaf (cotyledon) and parallel veins in its leaves.

A plant with two seed leaves (cotyledons) and net-like veins in its leaves.

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a byproduct.

The process of cell division in plants that allows them to grow and develop new tissues.

The movement of water and nutrients from the roots to other parts of the plant.

The process by which plants store excess water in specialized tissues.

The outermost layer of a plant that protects the plant from water loss, injury, and pests.

The process by which water evaporates from the leaves of plants, pulling water up through the xylem.

The response of a plant to grow towards a light source. It is a critical adaptation for plants that needs to reach sunlight for photosynthesis.

Guard cells are specialized cells that surround stomata on the surface of leaves. They control the opening and closing of the stomata, regulating the exchange of gases and water vapor.

The pith is a central region in the stem of many plants, mostly composed of parenchyma cells. It stores nutrients and helps support the plant.

Xylem is made up of dead cells, forming a network of tubes that transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.

The cambium is a specialized layer of tissue in stems and roots that produces new xylem and phloem, allowing for growth in diameter.

The life cycle of plants alternates between a haploid stage (gametophyte) and a diploid stage (sporophyte).

Stomata are tiny pores on the surface of leaves that allow for gas exchange—taking in carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen—and also allow for transpiration.