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Questions and Answers
What types of conditions is sarsaparilla indicated for treating?
What types of conditions is sarsaparilla indicated for treating?
- Psoriasis and eczema (correct)
- Diabetes and hypertension
- Asthma and bronchitis
- Heart disease and stroke
What is the primary reason for sarsaparilla's action in treating certain conditions?
What is the primary reason for sarsaparilla's action in treating certain conditions?
- Its steroid content (correct)
- Its anti-inflammatory effects
- Its antioxidant properties
- Its high vitamin C levels
In what way is sarsaparilla related to cortisone and other steroids?
In what way is sarsaparilla related to cortisone and other steroids?
- It inhibits their production
- It has no relation at all
- It completely substitutes for them
- It is used in the partial synthesis of them (correct)
Which of the following conditions is NOT treated by sarsaparilla?
Which of the following conditions is NOT treated by sarsaparilla?
Which statement about sarsaparilla is true?
Which statement about sarsaparilla is true?
What is hecogenin derived from and what is its primary use?
What is hecogenin derived from and what is its primary use?
Which medicinal property is associated with the juice of Agave sisalana leaves?
Which medicinal property is associated with the juice of Agave sisalana leaves?
What type of diseases is the juice of Agave sisalana used to treat topically?
What type of diseases is the juice of Agave sisalana used to treat topically?
Why has total synthesis become more economically feasible?
Why has total synthesis become more economically feasible?
What benefit does hecogenin provide beyond its use in cortisone production?
What benefit does hecogenin provide beyond its use in cortisone production?
What is the solubility characteristic of saponins?
What is the solubility characteristic of saponins?
Which of the following solvents is saponin insoluble in?
Which of the following solvents is saponin insoluble in?
What is the general nature of saponins?
What is the general nature of saponins?
Which statement regarding saponins is true?
Which statement regarding saponins is true?
What happens to saponins when exposed to non-polar organic solvents?
What happens to saponins when exposed to non-polar organic solvents?
What effect do saponins have when mixed with water?
What effect do saponins have when mixed with water?
What is one of the primary characteristics of saponins in solution?
What is one of the primary characteristics of saponins in solution?
Which property of saponins contributes to their frothing behavior?
Which property of saponins contributes to their frothing behavior?
Which of the following statements about saponins is true?
Which of the following statements about saponins is true?
How do saponins typically behave in water upon agitation?
How do saponins typically behave in water upon agitation?
Which plant steroid is primarily used for the partial synthesis of steroid hormones?
Which plant steroid is primarily used for the partial synthesis of steroid hormones?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a plant steroid important in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a plant steroid important in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
What role do diosgenin, botogenin, and hecogenin play in hormone synthesis?
What role do diosgenin, botogenin, and hecogenin play in hormone synthesis?
Which of these options includes all known important plant steroids for steroid hormone synthesis mentioned?
Which of these options includes all known important plant steroids for steroid hormone synthesis mentioned?
What can be inferred about the plant steroids mentioned in relation to their structure?
What can be inferred about the plant steroids mentioned in relation to their structure?
What led manufacturers to switch to hecogenin for corticosteroids?
What led manufacturers to switch to hecogenin for corticosteroids?
Which of the following steroidal sources is mentioned as an alternative to diosgenin?
Which of the following steroidal sources is mentioned as an alternative to diosgenin?
What is a significant consequence of the nationalization of the Mexican industry on manufacturers?
What is a significant consequence of the nationalization of the Mexican industry on manufacturers?
From which process did manufacturers derive hecogenin for corticosteroid production?
From which process did manufacturers derive hecogenin for corticosteroid production?
What impact did the price increase have on the sourcing of corticosteroid materials?
What impact did the price increase have on the sourcing of corticosteroid materials?
What is one of the medicinal properties attributed to liquorice?
What is one of the medicinal properties attributed to liquorice?
Which component found in liquorice is responsible for its various medicinal activities?
Which component found in liquorice is responsible for its various medicinal activities?
What is the primary function of liquorice as a demulcent?
What is the primary function of liquorice as a demulcent?
Which of the following is NOT an action of liquorice?
Which of the following is NOT an action of liquorice?
What unique property do saponins possess when mixed with water?
What unique property do saponins possess when mixed with water?
In addition to its flavoring abilities, what is another key benefit of liquorice?
In addition to its flavoring abilities, what is another key benefit of liquorice?
In which type of plants are saponins primarily found?
In which type of plants are saponins primarily found?
Which of the following statements best describes saponins?
Which of the following statements best describes saponins?
What is the general classification of saponins?
What is the general classification of saponins?
What is the physical behavior of saponins when agitated in water?
What is the physical behavior of saponins when agitated in water?
Which food materials are known to contain significant amounts of saponins?
Which food materials are known to contain significant amounts of saponins?
How is the toxicity of saponins minimized during ingestion?
How is the toxicity of saponins minimized during ingestion?
Which of the following statements about saponins is accurate?
Which of the following statements about saponins is accurate?
Which food item is NOT listed as containing significant amounts of saponins?
Which food item is NOT listed as containing significant amounts of saponins?
What characteristic of saponins contributes to their safety during digestion?
What characteristic of saponins contributes to their safety during digestion?
What is a significant use of saponins in non-medical applications?
What is a significant use of saponins in non-medical applications?
Which of the following describes a toxic effect of saponins?
Which of the following describes a toxic effect of saponins?
Which application of saponins is primarily for fire safety?
Which application of saponins is primarily for fire safety?
What characteristic of saponins makes them useful in creating foams?
What characteristic of saponins makes them useful in creating foams?
Which of the following statements about the toxicity of saponins is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the toxicity of saponins is accurate?
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Study Notes
Sisal (Agave sisalana)
- Leaves contain hecogenin, a key component in the partial synthesis of the drug cortisone.
- The juice of Agave sisalana leaves has ethnopharmacological importance as it is used as an antiseptic for skin diseases and as a poultice for wounds.
Sarsaparilla
- Used for treating psoriasis, eczema, and rheumatoid arthritis.
- Its effectiveness is attributed to the steroid content of its roots.
- The genins derived from Sarsaparilla are used in the partial synthesis of cortisone and other steroids.
Saponins
- Mostly amorphous, soluble in alcohol and water, but insoluble in non-polar solvents like benzene and n-hexane.
- Form colloidal solutions in water (hydrophilic colloids), creating foam when shaken.
- Lower surface tension.
Important Plant Steroids for Partial Synthesis
- Diosgenin, botogenin, hecogenin are among the most important plant steroids used in the partial synthesis of steroid hormones.
Saponins
- Saponins are glycosides, occurring widely in plants, that produce a soapy lather in water.
- Saponins are found in many food materials, including beans, lentils, soybeans, spinach, and oats.
- Saponins are toxic to cold-blooded animals.
- Saponins are used in medicine, foaming agents, detergents, emulsifiers, and even fish poisons.
- Toxicity is minimized during ingestion by low absorption and hydrolysis.
- The text states that due to increased prices from nationalization in Mexico, manufacturers turned to other sources for diosgenin, a steroidal saponin.
- Liquorice contains glycyrrhizin, a saponin, with demulcent, expectorant and antispasmodic action. Glycyrrhizin makes liquorice a valuable flavoring and sweetening agent.
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