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Questions and Answers
Which of the following compounds is NOT a product of the shikimate pathway?
Secondary metabolism is directly involved in growth and development.
False
What are the primary precursors in the acetate-malonate pathway?
Acetyl-CoA and Malonyl-CoA
The conversion of Acetyl-CoA and Acetoacetyl-CoA leads to the formation of _______.
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Match the following pathways with their products:
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Which aromatic amino acid is NOT produced from the shikimate pathway?
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Farnesyl pyrophosphate is involved in the synthesis of various terpenoids.
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What is the initial compound formed when Erythrose 4-phosphate reacts with Phosphoenolpyruvate in the shikimate pathway?
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The fatty acid produced in the acetate-malonate pathway is _______.
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Which class of terpenoids contains 15 carbon atoms?
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Study Notes
Shikimate Pathway
- The Shikimate pathway is a metabolic pathway responsible for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants, fungi, and bacteria.
- The pathway starts with the reaction of erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate to create 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate.
- The aromatic amino acids produced by the Shikimate pathway include phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan.
- Note: Not all aromatic compounds are biosynthesized by the Shikimate pathway.
Acetate-Malonate Pathway
- The acetate-malonate pathway is a metabolic pathway responsible for the biosynthesis of fatty acids in bacteria and fungi.
- The primary precursors in the acetate-malonate pathway are acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA is produced through a carboxylation reaction from acetyl-CoA mediated by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.
- The conversion of acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA leads to the formation of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA), which is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, steroids, and isoprenoids.
Terpenoids
- Terpenoids are a large and diverse class of organic compounds derived from isoprene units.
- Terpenoids are classified based on the number of isoprene units they contain.
- Sesquiterpenoids contain 15 carbon atoms.
- Farnesyl pyrophosphate is an important intermediate in the biosynthesis of many terpenoids.
Secondary Metabolism
- Secondary metabolism is a term used to describe the biosynthesis of compounds that aren't essential for basic cell function but have important ecological roles.
- Secondary metabolites can be responsible for various functions including:
- Defense against predators and pathogens
- Attraction of pollinators
- Growth regulation
- Competition with other organisms
- Secondary metabolism is often related to specialized metabolic pathways such as the Shikimate pathway and the acetate-malonate pathway.
- Aromatic amino acids are essential building blocks for proteins, but they can also be used by plants to produce secondary metabolites, which can act as antibiotics or pesticides.
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Description
Test your knowledge on plant secondary metabolism, including critical pathways like the shikimate and acetate-malonate pathways. Explore the precursors and products involved, as well as the importance of metabolites in plant growth and development.
