Plant Root System
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of root hairs in plants?

  • To absorb sunlight
  • To produce food through photosynthesis
  • To store food
  • To absorb water and nutrients from the soil (correct)

    • The cell wall of a root hair is selectively permeable.

    False

    What is the main function of the cell membrane in a root hair?

    The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only selected substances to pass through it.

    The root system of a plant consists of the main root and _______________________ roots.

    <p>lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of a root hair that allows it to absorb water and nutrients?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Root hairs are extensions of the nucleus of an epidermal cell.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The_____________________ of a root hair is rigid and freely permeable.

    <p>cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of a root hair with their descriptions:

    <p>Cell wall = Rigid and freely permeable Cell membrane = Selectively permeable Cytoplasm = Contains organelles and nucleus Nucleus = Controls cell growth and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of sunlight on the rate of transpiration?

    <p>It increases the rate of transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High humidity increases the rate of transpiration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cooling effect of transpiration in plants?

    <p>Transpiration helps plants cool themselves by using heat from the plant body for evaporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The rate of transpiration is higher when the temperature is ___________.

    <p>high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the factors with their effects on the rate of transpiration:

    <p>Sunlight = Increases the rate of transpiration Temperature = Increases the rate of transpiration when high Wind = Increases the rate of transpiration when blowing faster Humidity = Reduces the rate of transpiration when high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of water and minerals moving upwards from the roots to the stern called?

    <p>Ascent of sap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of wind on the rate of transpiration?

    <p>It increases the rate of transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transpiration helps maintain the concentration of sap inside the plant body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Osmosis is the process of water moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of root-hairs in the ascent of sap?

    <p>Root-hairs increase the surface area of the root, allowing for more efficient absorption of water and minerals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is transpiration important in plants?

    <p>Transpiration is important for cooling the plant and maintaining the concentration of sap inside the plant body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The central _______________ is responsible for transporting water and minerals upwards from the roots.

    <p>xylem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their functions:

    <p>Root-hairs = Increase surface area for absorption Central xylem = Transport water and minerals upwards Stem = Supports the plant above ground</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the movement of water and minerals in the ascent of sap?

    <p>Upwards from the roots to the stem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ascent of sap is an active process that requires energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one importance of the ascent of sap?

    <p>One importance of the ascent of sap is that it allows plants to transport water and minerals to their leaves, supporting photosynthesis and growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main ways water is important for plants?

    <p>Transportation, Food production, and Cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During photosynthesis, water combines with oxygen to produce glucose and carbon dioxide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cooling effect experienced under a tree on a hot summer day due to?

    <p>loss of water from leaves by evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water in xylem and phloem of a plant transports substances in a ______________ form.

    <p>solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ways water is important for plants with their descriptions:

    <p>Transportation = Water transports substances in a solution form Food production = Water combines with carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen Cooling = Water transpires from the surface of leaves, producing a cooling effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of covering a small, well-watered potted plant with a transparent polythene bag in Activity 3?

    <p>to demonstrate transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a semi-permeable membrane?

    <p>Allows only water molecules to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concentration of sugar molecules is higher in Side A.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Side A and Side B?

    <p>Side A contains a dilute sugar solution, whereas Side B contains a concentrated sugar solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The semi-permeable membrane has pores of a size that allows _______ molecules to pass through.

    <p>water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components with their descriptions:

    <p>Side A = Contains a dilute sugar solution Side B = Contains a concentrated sugar solution Semi-permeable membrane = Allows only water molecules to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of water molecules in the diagram?

    <p>From Side A to Side B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sugar molecules can pass through the semi-permeable membrane.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the diagram in the figure?

    <p>The diagram illustrates the nature of a semi-permeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Root System in Plants

    • A plant's root system consists of a main root, lateral roots, and root hairs.
    • Root hairs are long extensions of epidermal cells that absorb water and minerals from the soil.
    • Root hairs have a rigid cell wall and a selectively permeable cell membrane that allows water and minerals to pass through.

    Structure of a Root Hair

    • A root hair cell consists of a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
    • The cell wall is rigid and freely permeable, allowing substances to pass through.
    • The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only selected substances to pass through.

    Semi-Permeable Membrane

    • A semi-permeable membrane allows certain substances to pass through while restricting others.
    • Water molecules can pass through the pores of the membrane, but sugar molecules cannot.

    Ascent of Sap

    • Water absorbed by root hairs enters the xylem and is transported upwards to the stem and leaves.
    • This process is called the ascent of sap.
    • The ascent of sap is driven by transpiration, which creates a negative pressure that pulls water upwards.

    Factors Affecting Transpiration

    • Sunlight: Transpiration rate increases during the day when stomata are open.
    • Temperature: High temperatures increase the rate of transpiration.
    • Wind: Faster wind speeds increase the rate of transpiration.
    • Humidity: High humidity reduces the rate of transpiration.

    Importance of Transpiration

    • Cooling effect: Transpiration helps plants cool themselves by evaporating water.
    • Maintaining sap concentration: Transpiration helps maintain the concentration of sap inside the plant body.

    Uses of Water in Plants

    • Transportation: Water transports substances in a solution form within the plant.
    • Food production: Water is used in photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen.
    • Cooling: Transpiration produces a cooling effect, making the air cooler and more pleasant.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the structure and function of the root system in plants, including the main root, lateral roots, and root hairs.

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