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Questions and Answers
What is the function of root hairs in plants?
What is the function of root hairs in plants?
- To absorb sunlight
- To produce food through photosynthesis
- To store food
- To absorb water and nutrients from the soil (correct)
The cell wall of a root hair is selectively permeable.
The cell wall of a root hair is selectively permeable.
False (B)
What is the main function of the cell membrane in a root hair?
What is the main function of the cell membrane in a root hair?
The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only selected substances to pass through it.
The root system of a plant consists of the main root and _______________________ roots.
The root system of a plant consists of the main root and _______________________ roots.
What is the main component of a root hair that allows it to absorb water and nutrients?
What is the main component of a root hair that allows it to absorb water and nutrients?
Root hairs are extensions of the nucleus of an epidermal cell.
Root hairs are extensions of the nucleus of an epidermal cell.
The_____________________ of a root hair is rigid and freely permeable.
The_____________________ of a root hair is rigid and freely permeable.
Match the following components of a root hair with their descriptions:
Match the following components of a root hair with their descriptions:
What is the effect of sunlight on the rate of transpiration?
What is the effect of sunlight on the rate of transpiration?
High humidity increases the rate of transpiration.
High humidity increases the rate of transpiration.
What is the cooling effect of transpiration in plants?
What is the cooling effect of transpiration in plants?
The rate of transpiration is higher when the temperature is ___________.
The rate of transpiration is higher when the temperature is ___________.
Match the factors with their effects on the rate of transpiration:
Match the factors with their effects on the rate of transpiration:
What is the process of water and minerals moving upwards from the roots to the stern called?
What is the process of water and minerals moving upwards from the roots to the stern called?
What is the effect of wind on the rate of transpiration?
What is the effect of wind on the rate of transpiration?
Transpiration helps maintain the concentration of sap inside the plant body.
Transpiration helps maintain the concentration of sap inside the plant body.
Osmosis is the process of water moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Osmosis is the process of water moving from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is the role of root-hairs in the ascent of sap?
What is the role of root-hairs in the ascent of sap?
Why is transpiration important in plants?
Why is transpiration important in plants?
The central _______________ is responsible for transporting water and minerals upwards from the roots.
The central _______________ is responsible for transporting water and minerals upwards from the roots.
Match the following components with their functions:
Match the following components with their functions:
What is the direction of the movement of water and minerals in the ascent of sap?
What is the direction of the movement of water and minerals in the ascent of sap?
The ascent of sap is an active process that requires energy.
The ascent of sap is an active process that requires energy.
What is one importance of the ascent of sap?
What is one importance of the ascent of sap?
What are the three main ways water is important for plants?
What are the three main ways water is important for plants?
During photosynthesis, water combines with oxygen to produce glucose and carbon dioxide.
During photosynthesis, water combines with oxygen to produce glucose and carbon dioxide.
What is the cooling effect experienced under a tree on a hot summer day due to?
What is the cooling effect experienced under a tree on a hot summer day due to?
Water in xylem and phloem of a plant transports substances in a ______________ form.
Water in xylem and phloem of a plant transports substances in a ______________ form.
Match the ways water is important for plants with their descriptions:
Match the ways water is important for plants with their descriptions:
What is the purpose of covering a small, well-watered potted plant with a transparent polythene bag in Activity 3?
What is the purpose of covering a small, well-watered potted plant with a transparent polythene bag in Activity 3?
What is the primary characteristic of a semi-permeable membrane?
What is the primary characteristic of a semi-permeable membrane?
The concentration of sugar molecules is higher in Side A.
The concentration of sugar molecules is higher in Side A.
What is the main difference between Side A and Side B?
What is the main difference between Side A and Side B?
The semi-permeable membrane has pores of a size that allows _______ molecules to pass through.
The semi-permeable membrane has pores of a size that allows _______ molecules to pass through.
Match the following components with their descriptions:
Match the following components with their descriptions:
What is the direction of water molecules in the diagram?
What is the direction of water molecules in the diagram?
Sugar molecules can pass through the semi-permeable membrane.
Sugar molecules can pass through the semi-permeable membrane.
What is the purpose of the diagram in the figure?
What is the purpose of the diagram in the figure?
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Study Notes
Root System in Plants
- A plant's root system consists of a main root, lateral roots, and root hairs.
- Root hairs are long extensions of epidermal cells that absorb water and minerals from the soil.
- Root hairs have a rigid cell wall and a selectively permeable cell membrane that allows water and minerals to pass through.
Structure of a Root Hair
- A root hair cell consists of a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.
- The cell wall is rigid and freely permeable, allowing substances to pass through.
- The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing only selected substances to pass through.
Semi-Permeable Membrane
- A semi-permeable membrane allows certain substances to pass through while restricting others.
- Water molecules can pass through the pores of the membrane, but sugar molecules cannot.
Ascent of Sap
- Water absorbed by root hairs enters the xylem and is transported upwards to the stem and leaves.
- This process is called the ascent of sap.
- The ascent of sap is driven by transpiration, which creates a negative pressure that pulls water upwards.
Factors Affecting Transpiration
- Sunlight: Transpiration rate increases during the day when stomata are open.
- Temperature: High temperatures increase the rate of transpiration.
- Wind: Faster wind speeds increase the rate of transpiration.
- Humidity: High humidity reduces the rate of transpiration.
Importance of Transpiration
- Cooling effect: Transpiration helps plants cool themselves by evaporating water.
- Maintaining sap concentration: Transpiration helps maintain the concentration of sap inside the plant body.
Uses of Water in Plants
- Transportation: Water transports substances in a solution form within the plant.
- Food production: Water is used in photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen.
- Cooling: Transpiration produces a cooling effect, making the air cooler and more pleasant.
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