Plant Reproduction
18 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following stages of the life cycle of Spirogyra undergoes meiosis?

  • Spore
  • Gametophyte
  • Zygospore (correct)
  • Protuberance

    • What type of fertilization occurs in Fucus?

  • Planogamy
  • Oogamy (correct)
  • Anisogamy
  • Conjugation

    • Which structure in Fucus contains the gametangium?

  • Conceptacles (correct)
  • Receptacles
  • Sporangia
  • Sori

    • What is the primary mode of reproduction in Spirogyra?

    <p>Conjugation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Ulva's life cycle, what is the ploidy of the gametophyte and sporophyte stages, respectively?

    <p>(n), (2n) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic morphology of the sporophyte and gametophyte in Laminaria?

    <p>Heteromorphic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these algae is a freshwater species?

    <p>Spirogyra (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fertilization process occurs in Ulva, where both gametes are motile?

    <p>Planogamy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of asexual reproduction found in cyanobacteria?

    <p>Somatogamy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between isogamy and anisogamy?

    <p>Isogamy involves the fusion of gametes of equal morphology, while anisogamy involves the fusion of gametes of different morphology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the dikaryon stage in sexual reproduction?

    <p>It is a stage where the nuclei divide but not the cytoplasm, which is crucial for certain types of fungi. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sexual reproduction is characterized by non-motile sperm conducted to the egg via a tube, and is found in angiosperms?

    <p>Siphonogamy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary distinction between the diplontic cycle and the haplodiplontic cycle?

    <p>The diplontic cycle has a dominant diploid phase, while the haplodiplontic cycle has a dominant haploid phase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stages is NOT present in a haplodiplontic or digenic life cycle?

    <p>Carposporophyte (2n) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process by which the number of chromosomes in a gamete is reduced from diploid to haploid is called:

    <p>Meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of sexual reproduction do motile gametes fuse, and this can be either isogamous or anisogamous?

    <p>Planogamy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature that distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes in terms of reproduction?

    <p>Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission, while eukaryotes reproduce by meiosis and fertilization. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reproduction is favored by plants in unfavorable environmental conditions?

    <p>Sexual Reproduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Asexual Reproduction

    Reproduction without fusion of gametes; involves mitosis processes.

    Spirogyra

    Filamentous algae that reproduces through conjugation and forms zygospores.

    Conjugation in Spirogyra

    Process where protuberances form tubes to fuse male and female cells for reproduction.

    Zygospore

    A thick-walled resting spore formed from fertilized gametes in Spirogyra.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Fucus

    Marine brown algae with a branched thallus and oogamous fertilization.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Oogamy

    A type of fertilization involving large non-motile eggs and motile sperm.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Ulva

    Green algae with distinct gametophyte (n) and sporophyte (2n) stages; involves anisogamous fertilization.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Heteromorphic Sporophyte

    Sporophyte and gametophyte have different forms in Laminaria algae.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Binary Fission

    A method of prokaryotic asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Meiosis

    Process that reduces gametes' chromosome number by half.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Haplodiplontic Life Cycle

    Life cycle with both haploid and diploid stages.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Trichogamy

    Fertilization method where a sperm attaches to a hair-like structure on the female.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Gametes

    Reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction, male and female.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Dikaryon

    A fungal reproductive stage with two nuclei but one cytoplasm.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Plant Reproduction

    • Asexual Reproduction:
      • Species: Simple species, prokaryotes, and some eukaryotes
      • Members: One (clone)
      • Reproductive cells: No special cells (except spore reproduction)
      • Genetic diversity: No fusion cells, no genetic recombination
      • Population type: Homogenous (clone) to parents
      • Number of offspring: Exponentially
      • Stages (process): In Chapter 1
    • Sexual Reproduction:
      • Species: Complex species, "most" eukaryotes
      • Members: 2 different but same species
      • Reproductive cells: Male and female gametes
      • Genetic diversity: Present due to genetic recombination
      • Population type: Heterogeneous, different than parents
      • Number of offspring: Less in number
      • Stages (process):
        • Meiosis → reduces gametes to half
        • Fertilization → union of gametes

    Mechanisms in Asexual Reproduction of Cyanobacteria

    • Fission: Replication plus splitting
    • Fragmentation: Separating fragments, then regeneration
    • Hormogonia: Motile reproduction by fragmentation for pre-reproducing pieces, then regeneration of those pieces

    Additional Processes in Asexual Reproduction of Cyanobacteria

    • Separation disc: Surrounded by a mucilaginous sheath, forming hormogonia. Hormogonia separate to glide and form new filaments.
    • Heterocyst: Filamentous → fixes nitrogen
    • Heterocyst degeneration → fragmentation: Each one forms a new one
    • Akinetes: Under unfavorable conditions → store essential materials; when conditions become favorable, they germinate into their normal (vegetative) form.

    Sexual Reproduction Processes

    • Syngamy Process: Plasmogamy + karyogamy ; Result: Formation of zygote
    • Dikaryon: Not a zygote; It's when the nuclei divide but not the cytoplasm. Example: Fungi.

    Types of Sexual Reproduction (Morphology-based)

    • Isogamy: Equal morphology
    • Anisogamy / Heterogamy: Different morphologies; Female > Male gametes
    • Example of Isogamy / Heterogamy: Chlamydomonas. Ulva.
    • Planogamy (Zogamy): Motile gametes (Can be isogamy)
    • Aplanogamy: Non-motile gametes ; Example: Red algae
    • Oogamy: Large, non-motile female gamete + small, motile male gamete. Example: Fucus
    • Somatogamy: Plasmogamy but delayed karyogamy; Example: Basidiomycota
    • Conjugation / Cystogamy: Involves a donor (ơ) and a recipient (♀); Donor gives genetic material; conjugation tube or protuberance. Trichogamy: Female has hair-like structure, Trichogyne; attaches sperm, sperm fuses to female nucleus. Example: Red algae; Siphonogamy: Non-motile sperm conducted to egg via a tube. Example: Angiosperms

    Life Cycle

    • All cycles include meiosis and fertilization
    • Meiosis → Mitosis → Gametophyte (n) → Sporophyte
    • Types of Cycles:
      • Monobiontic or Monogenic (One Generation)
        • Haplontic Cycle: Single generation, cells are haploid; Absence of sporophyte; only zygotes are diploid; Mature organism = Gametophyte (n).
        • Diplontic Cycle: Single generation, cells are diploid; Presence of sporophyte; Gametes are only haploid cells; Mature organism = Sporophyte (2n).
      • Haplodiplontic or Digenic Life Cycle (steps):
      • Fertilization → Zygote (2n)
      • Zygote → Mitosis → Sporophyte (2n)
      • Meiosis → Spores (n)
      • Spores (n) → Mitosis → Gametophyte (n)
      • Gametophyte (n) → Mitosis → Gametes (n)
      • Triplobiontic or Trigenic Life Cycle: Produces three generations: Gametophyte (haploid) (n). Carposporophyte (diploid) (2n); Tetrasporophyte (diploid) (2n)

    Chapter 3: Reproduction of Algae (Protists)

    • Asexual Reproduction: Mitosis → Fragmentation, Budding, or Spore Formation
    • Sexual Reproduction:
      • Monobiontic Haplontic - Spirogyra (n): Filamentous algae found in freshwater
    • Mode of Fertilization:
      • Conjugation
        • Process: Formation of protuberance →, forms conjugation tube; Male cells move to fuse with the female protoplast; Forms zygospore; Ruptures → releases zygospore; Zygospore enters dormant stage; In favorable conditions, it undergoes meiosis to produce spores (n). Spores (n) undergo mitosis
    • Gametophyte (n): New Spirogyra is formed
    • Monobiontic Diplontic – Fucus (2n): Type: Brown algae, found in marine water. Mode of Fertilization: Oogamy. Structure: Branched Thallus in Sporophyte (2n). Conceptacles (contain gametangium). Receptacles with paraphyses. Male & Female conceptacles on separate thallus,etc.

    Structure of Reproduction Processes in Fucus (2n)

    • Reproduction Process:
      • Female (Oogonia): Meiosis produces nonmotile eggs (n)
      • Male (Antheridia): Meiosis produces biflagellated sperm (n)
      • Egg & sperm are released in water. Egg releases pheromones → attract sperm (Chemotaxis)
      • Fertilization occurs externally in water
      • Fertilized egg settles
      • Zygote (2n) undergoes mitosis → Forms Diploid Sporophyte.

    Isomorphic Haplodiplontic – Ulva

    • Ulva species have: Haploid Gametophytes (n); Diploid Sporophyte (2n).

    • Gametes: Female gamete: Large, biflagellated, motile, Male gamete: Small, biflagellated, motile

    • Type of fertilization: Planogamy & Anisogamous

    • Reproduction Process:

      • Fusion of gametes → Produces quadriflagellate zygote
      • Zygote swims → rests , eliminates flagella and grows into sporophyte.
      • Sporophyte undergoes meiosis → Produces quadriflagellate zoospores
      • Zoospores eliminate flagella and develop into gametophytes

    Heteromorphic Haplodiplontic – Laminaria

    • Heteromorphic, Different morphology of sporophyte & gametophyte
    • Fertilization Type: Oogamy
    • Characteristics: Large sporophyte & microscopic male & female gametophytes
    • On the surface blade of sporophyte: Sporangia grouped into sori, paraphyses = Sterile cells
    • Fertilization Process: Female & Male gametes are flagellated; Zygote becomes sporophyte via mitosis; Sporangia (on sporophyte) undergo meiosis → Production of flagellated zoospores

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Plant Reproduction PDF

    Description

    Explore the fascinating world of plant reproduction in this quiz covering both asexual and sexual methods. Learn about species, reproductive processes, and genetic diversity. This quiz is essential for anyone studying plant biology.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser