Plant Reproduction Quiz - Botany Basics

Plant Reproduction

• Non-Vascular Plants
  • Simple plants without a vascular system
  • Typically smaller due to limited water and nutrient transport
  • Examples: Moss, Algae
• Moss Life Cycle
  • The dominant stage is the gametophyte, which produces male and female reproductive structures: antheridia and archegonia.
  • Sperm from the antheridia swims through water to reach the archegonia, forming a zygote.
  • The zygote develops into a sporophyte, dependent on the gametophyte for nutrients.
  • The sporophyte produces spores through meiosis in a capsule at the end of a stalk (seta).
  • Mature spores are released into the environment, completing the cycle.
• Seedless Vascular Plants
  • Simple plants with a vascular system
  • Taller than non-vascular plants due to efficient water distribution
  • Examples: Fern
• Seeding Vascular Plants (Spermatophytes)
  • Divided into two types: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
  • Seeds are derived from ripened seed-producing plants.

Angiosperms vs. Gymnosperms

• Angiosperms
  • Flowering plants with seeds enclosed within fruits/flowers.
  • Rely on pollinators like bees.
  • Examples: Apple tree, Sunflower.
• Gymnosperms
  • Seed-producing plants with uncovered seeds, typically found in cones.
  • Examples: Pine trees.

Animal Reproduction

• Asexual Reproduction
  • Budding: Offspring grows from the parent's body. Example: Hydra.
  • Gemmation: Organism develops gemmules (buds) that grow into new organisms. Example: Sponges.
  • Fragmentation: Part of an organism develops into another. Example: Flatworms.
• Sexual Reproduction
  • Two organisms contribute genetic material to offspring, resulting in a new gene combination.