Questions and Answers
What is unique about the roots of mosses?
What is the term for the switch between haploid and diploid life stages in mosses?
What is the function of antheridia in mosses?
What is the life stage of mosses that involves asexual reproduction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the mature moss plants that can be either male or female?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of gametophytes in mosses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the result of fusion between sperm and egg in mosses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the letter 'n' in the study of reproduction and genetics in mosses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of nontracheophytes, which include mosses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process of change between gametophytes and sporophytes in mosses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the antheridium in moss reproduction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process by which the zygote splits into two identical cells in the moss life cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the calyptra in moss reproduction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the type of reproduction that involves gametes from two parents in moss?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the dominant generation in the life cycle of mosses?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Moss Life Cycle
- Mosses are non-vascular plants belonging to Phylum Bryophyta that tend to live in moist environments.
- They have two life stages: haploid and diploid, both of which are multicellular.
- The haploid stage is responsible for sexual reproduction, while the diploid stage is responsible for asexual reproduction.
- This change between haploid and diploid is known as the alternation of generations.
Haploid Stage (Gametophyte)
- The haploid stage is the dominant stage in the moss life cycle, where the plant is either male or female.
- Mature females have archegonia, which holds the female gametes, reproductive organs, and is where the egg is located.
- Mature males have antheridia, which holds the male gametes, reproductive organs, and is where the sperm are located.
- Sexual reproduction occurs in the haploid stage, where sperm meets an egg and results in a zygote.
Diploid Stage (Sporophyte)
- The diploid stage is responsible for asexual reproduction, where the plant contains two sets of chromosomes.
- The sporophyte is the structure responsible for asexual reproduction and is more pod-shaped.
- The sporophyte needs the gametophyte to support it.
- The sporophyte produces spores through meiosis, which are genetically diverse and will grow into new gametophytes.
Alternation of Generations
- The change between the haploid and diploid stages is known as the alternation of generations.
- The alternation of generations starts with the fusion of sperm and egg, resulting in a zygote.
- The zygote then undergoes mitosis, resulting in a sporophyte, which produces spores.
- The spores then germinate and grow into new gametophytes, starting the cycle again.
Reproduction in Mosses
- Mosses have two types of fertilization processes: sexual and asexual.
- Sexual reproduction involves a male and female gamete, while asexual reproduction involves only one plant.
- The sexual reproduction phase includes gametophytes, which are the dominant stage in the moss life cycle.
Parts of Moss
- Antheridial head: holds the antheridium and eventually creates the sporangium
- Antheridium: produces sperm
- Archegonial head: produces eggs
- Bud: small, germinated spores
- Capsule: holds the spores
- Calyptra: protection over a forming capsule
- Early Embryo: pre-zygote cells, can be called germination or fusion
- Egg/Archegonium: where fertilization takes place, the female gamete
- Foot: helps to give nutrients to sporophyte
- Germinating spore: spores that have taken hold and will become new plants
- Leaves: produce photosynthesis, collect water
- Neck canal: route for sperm to travel for reproduction
- Neck wall: creates neck cavity
- Operculum: breaks when spores are ready to leave and germinate
- Protonema: hormones for new cellular growth
- Rhizoids: specialized root-like structure, they anchor the moss but do not absorb water like roots of other plants
- Seta: helps transfer nutrients throughout the flower
- Sperm/Antheridium: male gamete
- Spores: type of reproduction from the sporophyte
- Spore case: holds spores
- Sporophyte: creates the spores
- Venter: holds the egg
- Venter wall: creates the venter cavity
- Zygote: single-celled organism created after fusion of the egg and sperm
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Learn about the unique life cycle of mosses, including their haploid and diploid stages, and how they reproduce sexually and asexually.