Reproduction in Plants Quiz: Plant Reproduction Methods

Study Notes

###Pollination and Fertilization

Pollen sacs, also known as microsporangia, undergo meiosis to produce microspores, which develop into pollen grains and eventually sperm cells.
Microsporangium is the diploid form of sperm, where the microspore mother cell divides by meiosis to produce 4 microspores.

###Types of Flowers

Perfect flowers, also known as bisexual flowers, have both stamens and carpels.
Imperfect flowers, also known as unisexual flowers, have either stamens or carpels, but not both.
Complete flowers have sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils, while incomplete flowers lack one of these structures.

###Pollination

Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the male anther to the female stigma.
Self-pollination occurs when pollen from the anther is transferred to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same plant.
Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from the anther of one flower is transferred to the stigma of another flower or a different individual of the same species.

###Preventing Self-Pollination

Self-pollination is prevented by ensuring that the pollen and ovary mature at different times.
Physical features on the flower, such as different locations of male and female flowers on the plant, can also prevent self-pollination.

###Pollinators

Pollinators include biotic agents like animals (insects, bats, and birds), and abiotic agents like wind.
Some plants use deception, such as food deception or sexual deception, to attract pollinators.

###Fertilization in Angiosperms

Pollen grains produce zygotes when they reach the ovary.
Anther cells inside pollen grains produce sperm cells, which fertilize egg cells in the ovary.
Tube cells (pollen tubes) elongate to allow sperm cells to reach the ovary.

###Female Reproductive Organ in Plants

One sperm fertilizes the haploid egg to form a diploid (2n) zygote.
Another sperm cell fertilizes the polar nuclei to form a triploid (3n) endosperm, known as double fertilization.
The fertilized ovule matures into a seed, and the ovary becomes the fruit.

###Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction is a natural process of "cloning" parts of the plant, such as leaves or stems, to produce roots and become an independent plant.
Examples of asexual reproduction include layering, where a part of the stem is buried to form a new plant, and micropropagation, which produces a large number of plants from a single plant in a short time.

###Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flowering plants, or angiosperms, have flower parts that include sepals, petals, stamen, and pistils.
The pistil/carpels are the female reproductive structures, while the stamen are the male reproductive structures.
The carpel consists of stigma, style, ovary, and ovules, which are responsible for fertilization and seed production.

Description

Test your knowledge on plant reproduction methods including asexual reproduction like natural cloning, layering, and micropropagation, as well as sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Learn about the ways plants reproduce to propagate and grow.