10 Questions
What is the result of the fusion of a sperm cell with the central cell during double fertilization?
Endosperm formation
What is the term for the process where pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma?
Pollination
Which of the following is an agent of pollination?
Insects
What is the term for the process of embryo development from the zygote stage?
Embryogenesis
What is the result of the fusion of a sperm cell with the egg cell during double fertilization?
Zygote formation
What type of pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the same flower or plant?
Self-pollination
What is the term for the female gametophyte that develops from a megaspore?
Megagametophyte
During embryogenesis, what is the stage where the apical meristem and cotyledons form?
Proembryo stage
What is the term for the process of pollen germination on the stigma?
Pollen-pistil interaction
What is the term for the organization of tissues along the axis during embryogenesis?
Apical-basal pattern
Study Notes
Fertilization
- Double fertilization occurs in flowering plants:
- One sperm fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote (embryo)
- Another sperm fuses with the central cell to form the endosperm
- Fertilization occurs in the embryo sac, which is the female gametophyte
- The resulting zygote develops into an embryo, while the endosperm provides nutrients
Pollination
- Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
- Types of pollination:
- Self-pollination: pollen from the same flower or plant
- Cross-pollination: pollen from a different plant
- Agents of pollination:
- Insects (bees, butterflies, moths)
- Birds
- Bats
- Wind
- Pollen-pistil interaction:
- Pollen germination on the stigma
- Pollen tube growth through the style
- Fertilization occurs in the embryo sac
Gametophyte Development
- Male gametophyte (microgametophyte):
- Develops from a microspore
- Consists of two sperm cells and one vegetative cell
- Female gametophyte (megagametophyte):
- Develops from a megaspore
- Consists of seven cells: one egg cell, two synergid cells, three antipodal cells, and one central cell
- Both male and female gametophytes are haploid
Embryogenesis
- Embryo development:
- Proembryo stage: formation of the apical meristem and cotyledons
- Embryo proper stage: differentiation of root, stem, and leaves
- Pattern formation:
- Radial pattern: organization of tissues in concentric layers
- Apical-basal pattern: organization of tissues along the axis
- Embryo maturation:
- Accumulation of storage products (e.g., starch, proteins)
- Desiccation and dormancy
Explore the fascinating world of plant reproduction, covering topics such as fertilization, pollination, gametophyte development, and embryogenesis. Learn about the processes and structures involved in plant reproduction and development. Test your knowledge and discover more about the intricacies of plant life!
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