Plant Reproduction

What is the result of the fusion of a sperm cell with the central cell during double fertilization?

What is the term for the process where pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma?

Which of the following is an agent of pollination?

What is the term for the process of embryo development from the zygote stage?

What is the result of the fusion of a sperm cell with the egg cell during double fertilization?

What type of pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from the same flower or plant?

What is the term for the female gametophyte that develops from a megaspore?

During embryogenesis, what is the stage where the apical meristem and cotyledons form?

What is the term for the process of pollen germination on the stigma?

What is the term for the organization of tissues along the axis during embryogenesis?

Fertilization

Double fertilization occurs in flowering plants:
- One sperm fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote (embryo)
- Another sperm fuses with the central cell to form the endosperm
Fertilization occurs in the embryo sac, which is the female gametophyte
The resulting zygote develops into an embryo, while the endosperm provides nutrients

Pollination

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma
Types of pollination:
- Self-pollination: pollen from the same flower or plant
- Cross-pollination: pollen from a different plant
Agents of pollination:
- Insects (bees, butterflies, moths)
- Birds
- Bats
- Wind
Pollen-pistil interaction:
- Pollen germination on the stigma
- Pollen tube growth through the style
- Fertilization occurs in the embryo sac

Gametophyte Development

Male gametophyte (microgametophyte):
- Develops from a microspore
- Consists of two sperm cells and one vegetative cell
Female gametophyte (megagametophyte):
- Develops from a megaspore
- Consists of seven cells: one egg cell, two synergid cells, three antipodal cells, and one central cell
Both male and female gametophytes are haploid

Embryogenesis

Embryo development:
- Proembryo stage: formation of the apical meristem and cotyledons
- Embryo proper stage: differentiation of root, stem, and leaves
Pattern formation:
- Radial pattern: organization of tissues in concentric layers
- Apical-basal pattern: organization of tissues along the axis
Embryo maturation:
- Accumulation of storage products (e.g., starch, proteins)
- Desiccation and dormancy

Explore the fascinating world of plant reproduction, covering topics such as fertilization, pollination, gametophyte development, and embryogenesis. Learn about the processes and structures involved in plant reproduction and development. Test your knowledge and discover more about the intricacies of plant life!