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Questions and Answers
Plant physiology is the study of life activities, responses, and functions of ______.
plants
Plant physiologists study whole plants as well as plant cells, molecules, and ______.
genes
Plant physiologists often work in teams with molecular and cell biologists, biochemists, and ______.
geneticists
A proper understanding of plant physiology helps improve growth in agriculture, horticulture, and ______.
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Plant physiologists study the effect of genes on plant growth, flowering, and ______.
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The physiological processes of plants are essential for producing the ______ and quality of growth.
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Genetic capacity sets limits within which the environment can influence ______.
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Physiological processes include water absorption, photosynthesis, and ______.
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Frame promotion can play a crucial role in the growth of ______ in horticulture.
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______ is essential for converting light energy into chemical energy in plants.
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Understanding the ______ process can help prevent damage to crops during cold weather.
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The development of ______ tissue is important for various agricultural practices.
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______ growth can be enhanced through strategic frame promotion techniques.
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Plant physiology involves studying plants as ______.
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Gibberellins are used to break ______ and induce uniform crop emergence.
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The hormone ______ is known to cause fruit ripening.
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Many inhibitors are used to retard the height of plants such as ______.
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Knowledge of mineral nutrition is important for the application of ______.
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Perennial plants require a ______ period as part of their temperature requirements.
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Water is absorbed from the soil to support plant ______.
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______ is a method used by plant breeders for crop improvement.
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Freezing temperatures help develop cells that become ______ for frost hardening.
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The study of food processing and preservation falls under the role of plant ______.
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Short-day plants respond to day lengths shorter than a certain maximum (less than about ______ hours)
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Chrysanthemums will bloom when day lengths range from ______ hours down to 7 hours.
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Day-neutral plants do not respond to day length, but must have sufficient ______ to support flowering.
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In agriculture, understanding the flowering responses of plants can lead to improved ______ of crops.
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The study of plant physiology is useful in horticulture for developing better ______.
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Cold temperature can freeze under transplants emerging ______ and opening buds in the spring.
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A covering of mulch is used to modify soil ______.
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Plants can benefit from the use of ______ to absorb heat during cold conditions.
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In orchards, heaters or fans can be used to protect trees and ______ from early frosts.
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The __________ rays are required for the development of pigments in plants.
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Most crop plants thrive in light intensities of about 1,200 foot-candles, with optimal growth occurring up to ______ foot candles.
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_________ plants flower before producing leaves when planted late in the winter.
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Reduced light intensity can induce ______ in plants.
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Study Notes
Applications of Plant Physiology
- Plant physiology examines life activities, responses, and functions of plants to enhance growth in agriculture, horticulture, and floriculture.
- Involves the study of plants at cellular, molecular, and genetic levels to understand physiological processes.
- Multidisciplinary collaboration among plant physiologists, cell biologists, biochemists, and geneticists is crucial for advancing plant research.
Role of Plant Physiology in Agriculture
- Vital for plant breeders to develop higher-yielding varieties by understanding physiological processes linked to genetic combinations.
- Interaction of genetic capacity and environmental factors influences yield through physiological processes, affecting growth quality and size.
- Studies stress responses in new cultivars regarding drought, salinity, and heat to improve yield.
Plants as Machines
- Comparatively, plants function like mechanical devices, utilizing energy and materials to grow.
- Photosynthesis in leaves converts solar energy into sugar, distributed throughout the plant, while water uptake supports growth.
- Understanding plants as machines broadens the knowledge of their physiological functions.
Plant Physiologists
- Focus extensively on plant responses to low water conditions, balancing water loss against COâ‚‚ acquisition for photosynthesis.
- They measure and analyze physiological stress handling to guide agricultural practices.
Role of Plant Physiology in Variety Improvement
- Utilizes selection methods for crop improvement; surface trait selection alone is often inadequate.
Soil Fertility Insights
- Advances in mineral nutrition knowledge allow for tailored fertilization recommendations, optimizing resource use in different crops.
Gibberellins and Cytokinins
- Gibberellins break seed dormancy, enhance vegetative growth in floriculture, and promote seedless fruit production.
- Cytokinins extend shelf life in certain fruits and promote root system efficiency in maize and rice.
Ethylene in Agriculture
- Ethylene hormone is crucial for fruit ripening, inducing abscission, and promoting growth in crops like onions and peas.
Role of Inhibitors
- Inhibitors such as CCC enhance plant strength, root production, and yield, especially in wheat and cotton.
- Utilize inhibitors in horticulture to control plant height for aesthetics and management.
Applications in Seed Production and Food Processing
- Knowledge of plant physiology aids in seed selection and enhances food processing, preservation, and storage techniques.
Horticulture Overview
- Horticulture combines the art and science of intensive plant cultivation, encompassing various specializations such as:
- Pomology: Cultivation of fruit trees.
- Vegetable Gardening: Growing edible plants like tomatoes and potatoes.
- Floriculture: Managing flowering plants for landscaping.
- Environmental Horticulture: Techniques for ornamental plants.
Temperature's Role in Plant Development
- Temperature impacts flowering, chilling requirements for perennials, and susceptibility of tissues to winter damage.
- Frost hardening is essential for winter survival, while protective measures like winter covers prevent frost damage.
Applications of Low Temperature
- Spring frosts pose risks to emerging seedlings and buds; strategies like mulching and covers mitigate damage.
- Utilizing heaters and sprinklers can safeguard crops during frost events.
Light's Influence in Horticulture
- Light quality essential for pigment development and photosynthesis; different light wavelengths affect plant behaviors.
- Light intensity affects growth; optimal levels minimize stretching and promote healthy structures.
- Day length perception influences flowering; short-day and long-day plants respond differently to seasonal light availability.
Plant Response to Day Length
- Short-day plants bloom with reduced daylight.
- Day-neutral plants do not depend on day length but require adequate growth for flowering.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the essential concepts of plant physiology, including the life activities and functions of plants. This quiz covers the roles of plant physiologists and the importance of their research in agriculture and horticulture. Discover how physiological processes impact plant growth and development.
