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Questions and Answers
Plant physiology is the study of life activities, responses, and functions of ______.
Plant physiology is the study of life activities, responses, and functions of ______.
plants
Plant physiologists study whole plants as well as plant cells, molecules, and ______.
Plant physiologists study whole plants as well as plant cells, molecules, and ______.
genes
Plant physiologists often work in teams with molecular and cell biologists, biochemists, and ______.
Plant physiologists often work in teams with molecular and cell biologists, biochemists, and ______.
geneticists
A proper understanding of plant physiology helps improve growth in agriculture, horticulture, and ______.
A proper understanding of plant physiology helps improve growth in agriculture, horticulture, and ______.
Plant physiologists study the effect of genes on plant growth, flowering, and ______.
Plant physiologists study the effect of genes on plant growth, flowering, and ______.
The physiological processes of plants are essential for producing the ______ and quality of growth.
The physiological processes of plants are essential for producing the ______ and quality of growth.
Genetic capacity sets limits within which the environment can influence ______.
Genetic capacity sets limits within which the environment can influence ______.
Physiological processes include water absorption, photosynthesis, and ______.
Physiological processes include water absorption, photosynthesis, and ______.
Frame promotion can play a crucial role in the growth of ______ in horticulture.
Frame promotion can play a crucial role in the growth of ______ in horticulture.
______ is essential for converting light energy into chemical energy in plants.
______ is essential for converting light energy into chemical energy in plants.
Understanding the ______ process can help prevent damage to crops during cold weather.
Understanding the ______ process can help prevent damage to crops during cold weather.
The development of ______ tissue is important for various agricultural practices.
The development of ______ tissue is important for various agricultural practices.
______ growth can be enhanced through strategic frame promotion techniques.
______ growth can be enhanced through strategic frame promotion techniques.
Plant physiology involves studying plants as ______.
Plant physiology involves studying plants as ______.
Gibberellins are used to break ______ and induce uniform crop emergence.
Gibberellins are used to break ______ and induce uniform crop emergence.
The hormone ______ is known to cause fruit ripening.
The hormone ______ is known to cause fruit ripening.
Many inhibitors are used to retard the height of plants such as ______.
Many inhibitors are used to retard the height of plants such as ______.
Knowledge of mineral nutrition is important for the application of ______.
Knowledge of mineral nutrition is important for the application of ______.
Perennial plants require a ______ period as part of their temperature requirements.
Perennial plants require a ______ period as part of their temperature requirements.
Water is absorbed from the soil to support plant ______.
Water is absorbed from the soil to support plant ______.
______ is a method used by plant breeders for crop improvement.
______ is a method used by plant breeders for crop improvement.
Freezing temperatures help develop cells that become ______ for frost hardening.
Freezing temperatures help develop cells that become ______ for frost hardening.
The study of food processing and preservation falls under the role of plant ______.
The study of food processing and preservation falls under the role of plant ______.
Short-day plants respond to day lengths shorter than a certain maximum (less than about ______ hours)
Short-day plants respond to day lengths shorter than a certain maximum (less than about ______ hours)
Chrysanthemums will bloom when day lengths range from ______ hours down to 7 hours.
Chrysanthemums will bloom when day lengths range from ______ hours down to 7 hours.
Day-neutral plants do not respond to day length, but must have sufficient ______ to support flowering.
Day-neutral plants do not respond to day length, but must have sufficient ______ to support flowering.
In agriculture, understanding the flowering responses of plants can lead to improved ______ of crops.
In agriculture, understanding the flowering responses of plants can lead to improved ______ of crops.
The study of plant physiology is useful in horticulture for developing better ______.
The study of plant physiology is useful in horticulture for developing better ______.
Cold temperature can freeze under transplants emerging ______ and opening buds in the spring.
Cold temperature can freeze under transplants emerging ______ and opening buds in the spring.
A covering of mulch is used to modify soil ______.
A covering of mulch is used to modify soil ______.
Plants can benefit from the use of ______ to absorb heat during cold conditions.
Plants can benefit from the use of ______ to absorb heat during cold conditions.
In orchards, heaters or fans can be used to protect trees and ______ from early frosts.
In orchards, heaters or fans can be used to protect trees and ______ from early frosts.
The __________ rays are required for the development of pigments in plants.
The __________ rays are required for the development of pigments in plants.
Most crop plants thrive in light intensities of about 1,200 foot-candles, with optimal growth occurring up to ______ foot candles.
Most crop plants thrive in light intensities of about 1,200 foot-candles, with optimal growth occurring up to ______ foot candles.
_________ plants flower before producing leaves when planted late in the winter.
_________ plants flower before producing leaves when planted late in the winter.
Reduced light intensity can induce ______ in plants.
Reduced light intensity can induce ______ in plants.
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Study Notes
Applications of Plant Physiology
- Plant physiology examines life activities, responses, and functions of plants to enhance growth in agriculture, horticulture, and floriculture.
- Involves the study of plants at cellular, molecular, and genetic levels to understand physiological processes.
- Multidisciplinary collaboration among plant physiologists, cell biologists, biochemists, and geneticists is crucial for advancing plant research.
Role of Plant Physiology in Agriculture
- Vital for plant breeders to develop higher-yielding varieties by understanding physiological processes linked to genetic combinations.
- Interaction of genetic capacity and environmental factors influences yield through physiological processes, affecting growth quality and size.
- Studies stress responses in new cultivars regarding drought, salinity, and heat to improve yield.
Plants as Machines
- Comparatively, plants function like mechanical devices, utilizing energy and materials to grow.
- Photosynthesis in leaves converts solar energy into sugar, distributed throughout the plant, while water uptake supports growth.
- Understanding plants as machines broadens the knowledge of their physiological functions.
Plant Physiologists
- Focus extensively on plant responses to low water conditions, balancing water loss against CO₂ acquisition for photosynthesis.
- They measure and analyze physiological stress handling to guide agricultural practices.
Role of Plant Physiology in Variety Improvement
- Utilizes selection methods for crop improvement; surface trait selection alone is often inadequate.
Soil Fertility Insights
- Advances in mineral nutrition knowledge allow for tailored fertilization recommendations, optimizing resource use in different crops.
Gibberellins and Cytokinins
- Gibberellins break seed dormancy, enhance vegetative growth in floriculture, and promote seedless fruit production.
- Cytokinins extend shelf life in certain fruits and promote root system efficiency in maize and rice.
Ethylene in Agriculture
- Ethylene hormone is crucial for fruit ripening, inducing abscission, and promoting growth in crops like onions and peas.
Role of Inhibitors
- Inhibitors such as CCC enhance plant strength, root production, and yield, especially in wheat and cotton.
- Utilize inhibitors in horticulture to control plant height for aesthetics and management.
Applications in Seed Production and Food Processing
- Knowledge of plant physiology aids in seed selection and enhances food processing, preservation, and storage techniques.
Horticulture Overview
- Horticulture combines the art and science of intensive plant cultivation, encompassing various specializations such as:
- Pomology: Cultivation of fruit trees.
- Vegetable Gardening: Growing edible plants like tomatoes and potatoes.
- Floriculture: Managing flowering plants for landscaping.
- Environmental Horticulture: Techniques for ornamental plants.
Temperature's Role in Plant Development
- Temperature impacts flowering, chilling requirements for perennials, and susceptibility of tissues to winter damage.
- Frost hardening is essential for winter survival, while protective measures like winter covers prevent frost damage.
Applications of Low Temperature
- Spring frosts pose risks to emerging seedlings and buds; strategies like mulching and covers mitigate damage.
- Utilizing heaters and sprinklers can safeguard crops during frost events.
Light's Influence in Horticulture
- Light quality essential for pigment development and photosynthesis; different light wavelengths affect plant behaviors.
- Light intensity affects growth; optimal levels minimize stretching and promote healthy structures.
- Day length perception influences flowering; short-day and long-day plants respond differently to seasonal light availability.
Plant Response to Day Length
- Short-day plants bloom with reduced daylight.
- Day-neutral plants do not depend on day length but require adequate growth for flowering.
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