Plant Pathology: IDM Practices and Impact

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Questions and Answers

Which disease is classified as a sporadic disease?

Late blight of potato

Apple scab

Angular leaf spot of cucumber (correct)

Root rot of papaya

What type of disease is 'Damping off of seedlings' classified as?

Fruit disease

Root disease

Leaf disease

Seedling disease (correct)

Which of the following is an example of a fruit disease?

Chrysanthemum stunt

Green ear disease of Bajra

Apple scab (correct)

Root rot of papaya

Which disease is associated with the vascular system of plants being affected?

Bacterial wilt of cucurbits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary symptom of blight diseases?

Complete chlorosis and browning Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease examples include Ascochyta blight?

Pulses diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is responsible for the loose smut of wheat?

Ustilago nuda tritici Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease is characterized by the production of black powdery spores?

Rusts Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease is characterized by the pathogen's ability to grow and multiply rapidly?

Infectious plant diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is an example of a non-infectious disease?

Black heart of potato Signup and view all the answers

What type of plant disease increases in a manner analogous to compound interest?

Multiple cycle disease Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease affects only specific organs or parts of the plants?

Localized diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which type of disease is defined as being constantly present in a moderate to severe form?

Endemic diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a classification of diseases based on causal organisms?

Chemical disease Signup and view all the answers

What type of disease typically occurs widely but periodically in a destructive form?

Epidemic disease Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a nematode disease?

Ear cockle of wheat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the branch of science known as plant pathology?

To study the mechanisms of disease development by pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What do the components of the disease triangle represent?

Host, environment, and pathogen interactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best defines a plant disease?

A malfunctioning process caused by continuous irritation Signup and view all the answers

What is the objective of studying the etiology of plant diseases?

To identify the living and non-living causes of plant diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which Greek word is part of the term 'pathology' and means suffering?

Pathos Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main objectives of plant pathology regarding disease control?

To reduce losses caused by plant diseases Signup and view all the answers

The study of interactions between plants and pathogens falls under which aspect of plant pathology?

Epidemiology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can lead to a loss of coordination in plant energy utilization?

Malfunctioning physiological processes due to pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes non-infectious plant diseases?

They result from abiotic factors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines a parasite in relation to plants?

An organism that lives off a host plant. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a sign and a symptom in plant diseases?

Signs are visible evidence of the pathogen, while symptoms are reactions of the host plant. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term pathogenicity refer to?

The ability of a pathogen to cause disease. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples is associated with soil-borne diseases?

Damping off caused by Pythium sp. Signup and view all the answers

What leads to pathogenesis in plant diseases?

The interaction between the pathogen, host, and environmental conditions. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of plant disease causation, what do airborne diseases mainly rely on?

The dispersal of pathogens through the air. Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental factor is NOT typically associated with non-infectious plant diseases?

Pathogen presence. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Pathology Overview

Plant Pathology studies microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses that cause plant diseases.
Abnormal conditions that alter plants' appearance or functionality are classified as plant diseases.
‘Pathology’ originates from Greek words meaning "study of suffering."

Objectives of Plant Pathology

Etiology: Investigate living, non-living, and environmental causes of plant diseases.
Pathogenesis: Understand disease development mechanisms from pathogens.
Epidemiology: Analyze interactions between plants and pathogens.
Control/Management: Develop strategies for disease control and loss reduction.

Plant Disease Definition

A malfunctioning process caused by persistent irritation, leading to symptoms.
Continuous irritation results in physiological disruptions and energy loss.

Disease Triangle Concept

Visual framework highlighting interactions among three components: host, pathogen, and environment.
Disease occurs when a susceptible host, virulent pathogen, and favorable conditions coalesce.

Distinction Between Disease and Disorder

Disorders: Non-infectious diseases originating from abiotic factors (e.g., soil quality, nutrients).
Infectious Diseases: Caused by pathogens and can spread (e.g., Rusts and Powdery mildews).

Types of Diseases Based on Cause

Infectious: Caused by living agents; rapidly grow and reproduce (e.g., Powdery mildews).
Non-infectious: Caused by abiotic agents; do not spread between plants (e.g., Black heart of potato).

Disease Classification by Infection Cycle

Single Cycle: Disease spread similar to simple interest.
Multiple Cycle: Disease prevalence akin to compound interest.
Polyetic: Disease cycles occur over multiple years (e.g., Cedar Apple Rust).

Classification by Affected Plant Parts

Localized: Affects specific organs (e.g., Leaf spot).
Systemic: Involves the entire plant (e.g., Downy mildew).

Causal Organism Groups

Fungal Diseases: Pathogenic fungi, e.g., Anthracnose.
Bacterial Diseases: Caused by bacteria, e.g., Citrus canker.
Viral Diseases: Caused by viruses, e.g., Rice tungro disease.
Phanerogamic Diseases: Caused by plant parasites, e.g., Striga.
Nematode Diseases: Resulting from nematodes, e.g., Ear cockle of wheat.

Disease Occurrence and Effects

Epidemic (Epiphytotic): Widespread, destructive outbreaks (e.g., Late blight of potato).
Endemic: Stable presence in specific areas (e.g., Club root of cabbage).
Sporadic: Irregular occurrences (e.g., Udbatta disease of rice).
Pandemic: Widespread mortality across regions (e.g., Late blight of potato).

Classification by Symptoms

Rusts: Caused by Basidiomycetes (e.g., Stem rust of wheat).
Smuts: Caused by Uredinales, producing no spores (e.g., Loose smut of wheat).
Wilts: Affects vascular systems (e.g., Bacterial wilt of cucurbits).
Powdery Mildews: Infects foliage and fruits (e.g., Powdery mildew of grapes).
Rots: Affect underground parts (e.g., Rhizoctonia root rot).
Blight: Leads to plant death through chlorosis and browning (e.g., Leaf blight of paddy).

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Description

Explore important Integrated Disease Management (IDM) practices for horticultural crops through case studies and examples. This quiz will also cover the implementation, benefits, and limitations of IDM modules in the context of plant diseases and disorders.