Plant Parts and Reproduction

Study Notes

Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma.
Fertilization occurs when a pollen grain joins with the ovule to form a seed.
Self-pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from anther to stigma on the same flower.
Cross-pollination involves external agents, like insects, wind, or water, to transfer pollen from anther to stigma on a different flower.
Cross-pollination leads to variations, while self-pollination does not.

Scientists classify things to organize knowledge, simplify complex systems, and understand relationships.
Linnaeus' System of Classification uses seven hierarchical levels: Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
Binomial System assigns a two-part Latin name (genus and species) to each species.

Plants are multicellular organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis.
Animals are multicellular organisms that obtain food by consuming other organisms.
Fungi are mostly multicellular organisms that decompose and absorb nutrients from organic matter.
Protists are mostly unicellular organisms that live in water or moist environments.
Monera are unicellular organisms that lack a true nucleus.

Fish: Covered in scales, breathe through gills, reproduce externally by laying eggs in water, cold-blooded.
Mammals: Covered in hair or fur, breathe through lungs, reproduce internally with live birth, feed their young with milk, warm-blooded.
Birds: Covered in feathers, breathe through lungs and air sacs, reproduce internally with hard-shelled eggs, warm-blooded.
Reptiles: Covered in scales, breathe through lungs, reproduce internally with leathery eggs, warm-blooded.
Amphibians: Have moist skin, breathe through gills, lungs, and skin, reproduce externally by laying eggs in water, cold-blooded.

Electrostatic force is the force between two electrically charged objects.
Magnetic force is the force between two objects that attract or repel each other.
Gravitational force is the force between two objects with mass.

Friction can be reduced by using smoother surfaces or lubrication (oils/grease).

Gravitational force is the force of attraction between two objects with mass.
Acceleration due to gravity is the same for all objects on Earth's surface, regardless of their weight.