Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following describes a primary root?
Which of the following describes a primary root?
- A root that develops from the primary root
- A root that arises from other plant organs
- A root that provides weak anchorage
- The main root that develops directly from the radicle (correct)
Adventitious roots arise only from the radicle.
Adventitious roots arise only from the radicle.
False (B)
What is one main function of plant roots?
What is one main function of plant roots?
Anchorage, absorption of water and minerals, or storage.
The root system that has a primary root which gives off lateral roots is called a _____ root system.
The root system that has a primary root which gives off lateral roots is called a _____ root system.
Match the following types of roots with their descriptions:
Match the following types of roots with their descriptions:
What characteristic do roots have that differentiates them from stems?
What characteristic do roots have that differentiates them from stems?
Roots absorb water and minerals from the air.
Roots absorb water and minerals from the air.
What environmental conditions do root systems typically develop in?
What environmental conditions do root systems typically develop in?
Which of the following statements about vascular tissues is correct?
Which of the following statements about vascular tissues is correct?
Siphonostele is the arrangement of vascular tissues found in dicot plants.
Siphonostele is the arrangement of vascular tissues found in dicot plants.
What is the function of the pericycle in plant roots?
What is the function of the pericycle in plant roots?
The central cylinder arrangement in dicot roots is called __________.
The central cylinder arrangement in dicot roots is called __________.
Match the types of specialized roots with their functions:
Match the types of specialized roots with their functions:
Which structure is _____ absent in monocot roots?
Which structure is _____ absent in monocot roots?
Pith is present and large in monocot roots.
Pith is present and large in monocot roots.
Name one type of supportive root.
Name one type of supportive root.
What characterizes a fibrous root system?
What characterizes a fibrous root system?
The root cap functions only for lubrication.
The root cap functions only for lubrication.
What is the primary role of the epidermis in roots?
What is the primary role of the epidermis in roots?
The structure that regulates the movement of water and minerals into the inner layer of the roots is called the __________.
The structure that regulates the movement of water and minerals into the inner layer of the roots is called the __________.
Match the following regions of the root with their primary functions:
Match the following regions of the root with their primary functions:
Which tissues are derived from the procambium in the root?
Which tissues are derived from the procambium in the root?
Root hairs are covered by a cuticle to prevent water loss.
Root hairs are covered by a cuticle to prevent water loss.
Name the three types of meristematic cells found in the root apical meristem.
Name the three types of meristematic cells found in the root apical meristem.
Flashcards
Plant Root System
Plant Root System
The underground part of a plant, responsible for anchoring the plant, absorbing water and minerals, and sometimes storing food.
Shoot System Organs
Shoot System Organs
The above-ground parts of a plant, including stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds.
Primary Root
Primary Root
The main root that grows directly from the radicle (embryonic root) of a plant.
Lateral Roots
Lateral Roots
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Adventitious Roots
Adventitious Roots
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Taproot System
Taproot System
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Root Function: Anchorage
Root Function: Anchorage
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Root Function: Absorption
Root Function: Absorption
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Monocot Root Stele
Monocot Root Stele
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Fibrous Root System
Fibrous Root System
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Root Cap Function (Gravitropism)
Root Cap Function (Gravitropism)
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Dicot Root Stele
Dicot Root Stele
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Meristematic Region/Apical
Meristematic Region/Apical
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Vascular Cambium
Vascular Cambium
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Primary Meristems (Protoderm, Ground, Procambium)
Primary Meristems (Protoderm, Ground, Procambium)
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Siphonostele
Siphonostele
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Region of Cell Elongation
Region of Cell Elongation
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Protostele
Protostele
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Region of Cell Differentiation
Region of Cell Differentiation
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Aerating Roots
Aerating Roots
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Root Hair Function
Root Hair Function
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Contractile Roots
Contractile Roots
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Buttress Roots
Buttress Roots
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Casparian Strip
Casparian Strip
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Study Notes
Plant Organs: Roots
- Roots are the underground plant organs
- Roots are non-green, lack a cuticle in the epidermis
- Roots play crucial roles: anchoring plants, absorbing water and minerals from soil, storage
- Roots are studied in the context of macroscopic plant organs and their functions
- Plant roots are categorized into primary, lateral, and adventitious roots
- The shoot system comprises stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits
- The root system is the underground portion of the plant
- Roots develop from the radicle of a germinating seed
- Monocots typically exhibit fibrous root systems
- Dicots typically exhibit taproot systems
- Roots have specific regions: meristematic, elongation, maturation; these areas contain unique cells for root development
Root Systems
- Taproot system:
- Dominated by a main root
- Provides strong anchorage deep in soil
- Common in dicots
- Fibrous root system:
- Branching system of slender roots
- Shallow spreading
- Common in monocots
Root Anatomy
- Epidermis: outermost layer; contains root hairs for increased water absorption
- Cortex: tissue that stores food and water; located within the epidermis
- Endodermis: innermost layer of the cortex, regulates water transport
- Vascular tissues (xylem and phloem): facilitates water and nutrient transport within the plant
- Pith: located in the center of the root (in monocots)
- Root cap: protects the apical meristem
- Apical meristem (at root tip): actively dividing cells for growth
Specialized Roots
- Aerating roots: arise above ground; aid in gas exchange in oxygen-poor soil
- Contractile roots: shorten, pulling plants deeper into the soil
- Supportive roots (brace, prop, buttress): provide additional support for tall plants
- Reproductive roots: produce new plants from the stem
- Photosynthetic roots: perform photosynthesis, making food and energy for the plant.
- Storage roots: store food, often enlarged in shape
- Mycorrhizal roots: develop symbiotic relationships with fungus for water and nutrient absorption
- Nodulated roots: house beneficial bacteria, aiding in nitrogen fixation
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