40 Questions
What do plants need to develop?
Water, light, oxygen, carbon, and mineral elements
Where do plants get their nutrients from?
From the soil, air, and water
What is the role of roots in plant nutrition?
To absorb water and minerals from the soil
What happens in the leaves during photosynthesis?
Glucides are produced
What is the role of the stem in plant nutrition?
To transport nutrients
What is the function of the leaves in plant nutrition?
To capture CO2 and release O2
What is produced in the leaves during photosynthesis?
Glucides and amino acids
What is the process by which plants absorb water and minerals?
Absorption by root hairs
What is the term used to describe the characteristics observed when an essential element is lacking?
Symptômes de carence
What is the term for the death of tissues?
Nécrose
Which essential element can easily pass from old leaves to young leaves?
Azote
What is the term used to describe the movement of minerals within the plant?
Translocation
What is the source of minerals in the soil?
Décomposition et minéralisation de la matière organique
Where are minerals stored in the soil?
Tous les above
What happens when an essential element is mobile?
Symptômes de carence apparaitent en premier dans les feuilles âgées
What is the term used to describe the lack of an essential element?
Carence des éléments essentiels
What is the main source of water absorbed by the soil?
Rainwater and irrigation
What is the purpose of forces of imbibition?
To attract water molecules
What happens when the retaining forces in the soil increase?
Plants need to exert more suction to absorb water
What is the maximum amount of water that can be retained by the soil?
The capacity at field capacity
What happens to plants when the water in the soil reaches the point of wilting?
They cannot absorb any more water
What is the term for the point at which plants can no longer absorb water from the soil?
Wilting point
How is water distributed in the soil?
In three states
What happens to the water in the soil after the point of drainage?
It becomes gravitational water
What is the process of a substance moving from outside a cell to the inside?
Absorption
What is the term for the amplification of an element's absorption due to the presence of another element?
Synérgie
What is the main site of absorption in the roots of a plant?
Surface of the root hairs
What is the term for the diminution of an element's absorption due to the presence of another element?
Antagonisme
What is the form in which elements are absorbed from the soil solution?
Ions
What is the percentage of the root surface occupied by the zone pilifère?
60%
What is the term for the passage of a substance from the inside of a cell to the outside?
Exorption
What is the term for the movement of absorbed substances from the roots to the rest of the plant?
Passage actif
What is the potentiel hydrique composed of?
The potentiel osmotique and the potentiel de pression
What is the effect of an increase in solutés concentration on the potentiel osmotique?
It decreases the potentiel osmotique
What is the direction of water movement in a cell?
From low potentiel hydrique to high potentiel hydrique
What is the role of the pression de turgescence in plant cells?
It contributes to maintaining the rigidity of plant tissues
What is the relationship between the potentiel osmotique and the concentration of solutés?
The potentiel osmotique is directly proportional to the concentration of solutés
What is the potentiel de pression in a plant cell?
The pressure exerted by the cell contents on the cell membrane
What is the effect of the potentiel osmotique on the potentiel hydrique?
It decreases the potentiel hydrique
What is the equation for the potentiel hydrique?
y = yO + yP
Study Notes
Nutrition in Plants
- Plants require water, light, oxygen, carbon, and minerals from the soil to develop and function properly.
- The roots, stem, and leaves are the organs of nutrition in vascular plants, making up the vegetative apparatus.
Root Hair Cells
- Root hair cells absorb water and minerals from the soil, forming the sap.
- They are found in the rhizodermis, situated at the tip of the roots, and cover 60% of the root's surface area.
- Each root hair cell is 6-8 mm long and 10-15 μm thick, with 500-2000 cells per cm², playing a crucial role in mineral absorption.
Mineral Absorption
- Minerals are absorbed from the soil solution in the form of ions.
- The absorption of minerals is selective and can be influenced by the presence of other elements.
- Some elements, like iron, are difficult to absorb at high pH levels.
Water Absorption
- Plants absorb water from the soil and atmosphere.
- Water in the soil is affected by gravity, osmotic forces, imbibition forces, and capillary forces.
- The capacity of the soil to retain water is determined by the balance between these forces.
Plant Water Relations
- The water potential of a cell is a measure of the energy of water within the cell.
- It is affected by the concentration of solutes and the pressure within the cell.
- Water moves from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential.
Osmotic Potential
- The osmotic potential (ψs) of a solution is directly proportional to its concentration.
- An increase in solute concentration decreases the osmotic potential.
- Osmotic potential is always expressed as a negative number.
This quiz covers the basics of plant nutrition, including the process of absorption and assimilation of nutrients for growth, development, and reproduction.
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