Plant Microbiome and Pathogenesis Overview

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Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe the disease-preventing members of the resident microbiota?

  • Pathobiomes
  • Holobionts
  • Mycorrhizae
  • Soterobionts (correct)

How do native members of the resident microbiota potentially impact host plants?

  • They exclusively promote symbiotic relationships.
  • They can never become pathogens.
  • They always enhance plant growth.
  • They may lead to disease onset or severity. (correct)

What is the emerging concept that describes microbial consortia associated with disease progression?

  • Microbiome matrix
  • Soterobiome
  • Pathobiome (correct)
  • Holobiont theory

What aspect of the pathobiome remains largely unexplored in plants?

<p>The causality between pathobiome and host pathogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has recent evidence suggested about the inoculation of microbiota from diseased plants into healthy plants?

<p>It can lead to leaf damage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the plant pathobiome concept?

<p>Detrimental actions mediated by multiple microbial taxa on plant health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does quorum sensing (QS) influence bacterial behavior?

<p>By enabling bacteria to detect and respond to population density (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role does quorum quenching (QQ) play in microbial interactions?

<p>It disrupts the communication of phytopathogenic bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential outcome of the mutualistic relationships among microbial members in the plant pathobiome?

<p>Heightened susceptibility to disease progression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has the advancement of multiomics contributed to our understanding of plant microbiota?

<p>It has introduced the pathobiome concept, emphasizing complex interactions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Plant Microbiome

The resident microbiota of a plant and the molecules they produce.

Soterobionts

Disease-preventing members of a plant's resident microbiota.

Pathobiome

Pathogenesis-associated microbial consortia, causing plant disease.

Hologenome

The combined genetic material of the host and its microbiota.

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Holobiont theory

The idea that the plant and its microbiome function as a single unit.

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Intraspecies signaling

Communication between individual bacteria of the same species, using small molecules to coordinate their behavior and survival.

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Quorum sensing (QS)

A signaling system that allows bacteria to sense their population density and regulate various activities, including virulence, depending on the number of bacteria present.

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Interspecies signaling

Communication between different species of bacteria within the same environment, often impacting their interactions and disease outcomes.

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Quorum quenching (QQ)

A process where symbiotic bacteria interfere with the quorum sensing of pathogenic bacteria, preventing them from coordinating attacks and reducing virulence.

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Mutualistic relationships

Interactions where two or more different species benefit from each other, potentially forming complex loops that indirectly benefit all involved.

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Study Notes

Plant Microbiome and Pathogenesis

  • Plant microbiome encompasses the resident microbiota and their produced molecules.
  • Interactions are multifaceted, involving intramicrobiome, multitrophic interactions (host plants, microbes, insects).
  • These interactions influence plant health, impacting agriculture and global food security.
  • Prior research highlighted beneficial microbiome roles in plant health and fitness improvement.
  • "Soterobionts," disease-preventing microbiota members, act as a defense against pathogens.

Pathobiome Concept

  • Some native microbiota members can be pathogenic; abundance fluctuations can cause disease.
  • Pathogens can manipulate native microbiota to aid pathogenesis.
  • Host-microbe interactions in disease are now understood as "pathobiome."
  • Inoculating healthy plants with diseased plant microbiota can cause damage, opposing soterobiont effect.
  • Pathobiome's role in disease onset and progression requires further study.

Microbial Interactions

  • Multiomics advances have illuminated structural and functional plant microbiota diversity.
  • Pathogenesis understanding has evolved beyond single pathogen-single disease.
  • Plant microbiome soterobionts provide defense, but the pathobiome's role in infections requires understanding.
  • Mutualistic relationships between invasive pathogens and native microbes negatively affect plant health.
  • This impacts plant homeostasis and disease progression.
  • Microbial interactions are complex (intraspecies, interspecies, interkingdom).

Intra- and Interspecies Signaling

  • Intraspecies microbial communication common through chemical signaling.
  • Quorum sensing (QS) is a well-known intraspecies signaling system—bacteria sense population density (regulating motility, biofilm, etc.).
  • Similar quorum regulation observed in fungal communities.
  • Interspecies interactions are more complex and nuanced.
  • Quorum quenching (QQ) represents a widespread interspecies interaction where symbiotic bacteria hinder pathogenic QS.
  • Example: Microbacterium testaceum interferes with Pectobacterium carotovorum QS using AiiM, a lactonase that reduces pathogen virulence.

Mutualistic Relationships

  • Mutualism is prevalent in natural microbial communities—indirect benefits for involved species.

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