Plant Immune Interactions

Plant Immune Interactions

Overview

• Plant immune interactions refer to the complex relationships between plants and microorganisms, including pathogens, symbionts, and beneficial microbes.
• These interactions involve a range of molecular and cellular responses that help plants defend against disease-causing agents and maintain homeostasis.

Types of Plant Immune Interactions

• Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs): Conserved molecular structures found on microbial surfaces that trigger plant immune responses.
• Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs): Similar to PAMPs, but also include non-pathogenic microorganisms.
• Effectors: Molecules produced by pathogens to suppress or evade plant immune responses.
• Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs): Plant receptors that recognize PAMPs/MAMPs and trigger immune responses.

Plant Immune Response Mechanisms

• PTI (PAMP-triggered immunity): Initial response to PAMPs/MAMPs, involving PRRs and activation of downstream signaling pathways.
• ETI (effector-triggered immunity): Response to pathogen effectors, involving resistance proteins (R proteins) and activation of hypersensitive response.
• Systemic acquired resistance (SAR): Long-term, whole-plant response to localized infection, involving salicylic acid and NPR1 signaling.

Key Players in Plant Immune Interactions

• Salicylic acid (SA): Hormone involved in SAR and PTI signaling.
• Jasmonic acid (JA): Hormone involved in response to herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens.
• Ethylene (ET): Hormone involved in response to stress and pathogens.
• NPR1 (non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1): Key regulator of SAR and PTI signaling.

Outcomes of Plant Immune Interactions

• Resistance: Plant's ability to prevent or limit pathogen colonization.
• Tolerance: Plant's ability to withstand pathogen colonization without significant damage.
• Susceptibility: Plant's inability to resist pathogen colonization, leading to disease.
• Symbiosis: Mutualistic relationships between plants and beneficial microorganisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi.

Plant Immune Interactions

Overview

• Plant immune interactions involve complex relationships between plants and microorganisms, including pathogens, symbionts, and beneficial microbes.
• These interactions involve molecular and cellular responses to defend against disease-causing agents and maintain homeostasis.

Types of Plant Immune Interactions

• PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) are conserved molecular structures on microbial surfaces that trigger plant immune responses.
• MAMPs (microbe-associated molecular patterns) are similar to PAMPs, but also include non-pathogenic microorganisms.
• Effectors are molecules produced by pathogens to suppress or evade plant immune responses.
• PRRs (pattern recognition receptors) are plant receptors that recognize PAMPs/MAMPs and trigger immune responses.

Plant Immune Response Mechanisms

• PTI (PAMP-triggered immunity) is the initial response to PAMPs/MAMPs, involving PRRs and activation of downstream signaling pathways.
• ETI (effector-triggered immunity) is the response to pathogen effectors, involving resistance proteins (R proteins) and activation of hypersensitive response.
• SAR (systemic acquired resistance) is the long-term, whole-plant response to localized infection, involving salicylic acid and NPR1 signaling.

Key Players in Plant Immune Interactions

• Salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone involved in SAR and PTI signaling.
• Jasmonic acid (JA) is a hormone involved in response to herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens.
• Ethylene (ET) is a hormone involved in response to stress and pathogens.
• NPR1 (non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1) is a key regulator of SAR and PTI signaling.

Outcomes of Plant Immune Interactions

• Resistance is the plant's ability to prevent or limit pathogen colonization.
• Tolerance is the plant's ability to withstand pathogen colonization without significant damage.
• Susceptibility is the plant's inability to resist pathogen colonization, leading to disease.
• Symbiosis is a mutualistic relationship between plants and beneficial microorganisms, such as mycorrhizal fungi.

Explore the complex relationships between plants and microorganisms, including pathogens, symbionts, and beneficial microbes, and learn about the molecular and cellular responses that help plants defend against disease-causing agents.