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Questions and Answers
At which stage do sepal primordia become visible and continue growing?
During which stage does the gynoecium start to form?
When do stigmatic papillae arise at the top of the gynoecium?
At which stage do petals become similar in length to stamens?
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When does the flower open during floral development?
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What is the tunica composed of at the SAM surface in Arabidopsis?
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What is the first stage of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana?
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What marks the beginning of Stage 9 in flower development?
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When do petal and stamen primordia appear in the developmental stages of Arabidopsis thaliana?
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At which stage do the locules develop during flower development?
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What happens during Stage 6 of flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana?
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When do the medial stamens become stalked in the flower development process?
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What occurs during Stage 11 of flower development?
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During floral organ primordia stage 1, what happens to the flower primordium in Arabidopsis?
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What controls the rate and orientation of cell divisions during organogenesis in Arabidopsis flower development?
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At what stage does the apical meristem of Arabidopsis change from slightly convex to distinctly dome-shaped?
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What marks the end of the final stage of flower development described in the text?
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What happens when the shoot apex starts to produce flowers in Arabidopsis?
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Study Notes
Stages of Flower Development
- Flower development in Arabidopsis thaliana consists of 12 stages from initiation to bud opening.
- Stage 1: Floral buttress initiation on the flanks of the apical meristem.
- Stage 2: Flower primordium becomes separate from the meristem.
- Stage 3: Sepal primordia arise.
- Stage 4: Sepals grow to overlie the primordium.
- Stage 5: Petal and stamen primordia appear.
- Stage 6: Petal and stamen primordia are enclosed by sepals.
- Stage 7: Medial stamens become stalked.
- Stage 8: Locules develop.
- Stage 9: Petal primordia become stalked.
- Stage 10: Organ development continues, with stigmatic papillae arising at the top of the gynoecium.
- Stage 12: Petals are similar in length to stamens.
- Stage 13: Anthesis occurs, followed by fertilization.
- Stage 14: The flower opens.
Floral Origin
- In Arabidopsis, the tunica consists of two clonally distinct cell layers called L1 and L2.
- The two-layered tunica organization is maintained in the flower meristem, but all of its cells are mitotically active.
- Stage 1 of floral origin: The apical meristem changes from slightly convex to distinctly dome-shaped during the transition from vegetative to floral growth.
- Shoot bolts and the SAM becomes the inflorescence shoot apical meristem (IM).
- The IM generates floral meristems (FM) on its flanks.
Floral Organ Primordia
- Stage 1 of floral organ primordia: A rapid and coordinated burst of cell expansion and division occurs in three dimensions, generating a concentric group of cells as an almost spherical flower primordium.
- Early in flower development, the floral meristem of Arabidopsis is divided into four concentric rings.
- After stage 6, the ABC homeotic genes control the rate and orientation of cell divisions during organogenesis.
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Description
Test your knowledge of various plant species in this quiz featuring images of different plants. Identify the plants based on their names and characteristics.
