Plant Growth Regulators and Auxins

The first named cytokinin, a purine compound that induces cell division.

Plant hormones that promote cell division, organ formation, and delay aging.

A type of cytokinin discovered in corn, known for promoting growth.

Phenomenon where cytokinins delay senescence by nutrient translocation.

Cytokinins enhance cell function via increased nucleic acids and protein synthesis.

A method used to grow plant cells in a controlled environment in vitro.

The process where plant cells form a mass of undifferentiated cells, often in tissue culture.

Cytokinins can induce seed germination and break dormancy, enhancing sprouting.

Plant hormones that promote growth and elongation.

The first crystalline auxin discovered, derived from human urine.

Areas in plants with the highest concentration of auxins.

The directional movement of auxins along the plant's axis, regardless of orientation.

Auxins applied from external sources to enhance plant growth.

Bending of the coleoptile due to uneven auxin distribution.

Inhibition of lateral buds by the apical tip of the stem.

Excess auxins can inhibit plant growth instead of promoting it.

Plant hormones that promote growth and cell elongation, especially in seeds and fruits.

Induction of stem elongation and premature flowering in plants.

The process by which a seed develops into a new plant, enhanced by gibberellins.

Development of fruit without fertilization, often induced by gibberellins.

A substance found in coconut milk that stimulates cell division in certain plant embryos.

The application of substances like gibberellins from outside the plant to influence growth.

A specific gibberellin used commercially to promote seedless grape varieties and improve fruit size.

The process by which substances are synthesized in living organisms, particularly in plants.

A plant hormone that inhibits seed and bud germination, and induces dormancy and stomatal closure.

The process of transporting substances through xylem and phloem in plants.

The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from high to low water potential.

The process where substances like ABA prevent seeds from sprouting.

A physiological response where plant stomata close to reduce water loss, often triggered by ABA.

The potential energy of water in a system, influencing the movement of water in plants.

ABA inhibits seed germination by acting on enzymes and water uptake mechanisms.

The process of aging in plants, leading to leaf drop.

Abscisic Acid (AbA) is a plant hormone that inhibits seedling growth and induces dormancy.

1 mM AbA can inhibit seedling growth by up to 50% in 48 hours.

The shedding of leaves or fruit from the plant.

A gaseous plant hormone involved in ripening and growth regulation.

A plant growth response to ethylene: elongation, swelling, horizontal growth.

Exogenous AbA induces dormancy in woody plant buds, increasing the AbA content.

Ethylene can induce dormancy breaking or inhibit germination in some plants.

AbA accumulation in maize root tips stimulates a positive geotropic response.

Bending of leaves due to unequal growth, often caused by ethylene.

A non-volatile substance released during leaf senescence, possibly AbA.

Enzymes that break down substances, stimulated by various plant hormones.

IAA maintains high levels of AbA in tissues, influencing apical dominance.

Plant responses like stomatal closure to conserve moisture during drought.

AbA inhibits K+ uptake into guard cells, leading to stomatal closure.