Anatomy of Flowering Plants

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What is responsible for the growth of plants?

Thin cell walls
Specialised cells
Meristematic cells (correct)
Dense cytoplasm

What is the main feature of meristematic cells?

Intercellular space
Thick cell walls
Large nucleus (correct)
Dense peripheral region

What is the role of promeristems in plant growth?

Responsible for the formation of roots
Responsible for growth in the next stage
Responsible for the formation of leaves
Responsible for embryonic growth (correct)

What type of meristematic tissue is responsible for the growth in the next stage of a plant?

Primary meristem (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of root apical meristem?

Tip of the root (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of intercellular space in meristematic cells?

It is absent (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of apical meristem?

To give rise to primary tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers

Where are intercalary meristems typically found?

Between mature tissues at the nodes of the stem (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of meristem is responsible for the growth of roots?

Root apical system (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of secondary meristems?

To increase the girth of the tree stems (A) Signup and view all the answers

Where are lateral meristems typically found?

In mature regions of roots and stems (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of permanent tissue?

Cells are mostly non-dividing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Collenchyma tissue?

Provides mechanical support and elasticity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the cell wall of Collenchyma cells?

Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Pectin (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Sclerenchyma cells?

Cells have thick and lignified cell walls with many pits (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Sclerenchyma tissue?

Provides mechanical support to organs (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the cell wall of Sclerenchyma cells?

Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Lignin (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Sclereids?

They have highly thickened cell walls (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of xylem in plants?

To transport water unidirectionally (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are tracheids?

Elongated, tube-like dead cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phloem fibres?

To provide strength to phloem cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of growth does secondary xylem develop?

During secondary growth (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of companion cells in phloem?

To assist sieve tubes in food transport (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of protoxylem?

It is the first formed xylem consisting of small cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bulliform cells in monocot leaves?

They help in rolling and unrolling of leaves due to change in turgidity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are present in the hypodermis of monocot stem?

Sclerenchyma cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of mesophyll in monocot leaves?

It is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of vascular bundles in monocot stem?

They are scattered in ground tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of xylem in monocot leaf vascular bundles?

Upper side (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of epidermis in monocot stem?

It is made up of monolayered parenchymatous cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cuticle in the epidermis of a dicot stem?

To prevent water loss from epidermal cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the vascular bundles in a monocot stem?

They are conjoint and closed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cuticle in epidermal cells?

To prevent the loss of water (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are present in the middle cortex of a dicot stem?

Parenchymatous cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of guard cells in stomata?

They possess chloroplasts (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of xylary elements in spring wood?

They have wider cavities (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypodermis in a dicot stem?

To provide mechanical strength (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of stomatal apparatus in plants?

To regulate the transpiration and gaseous exchange (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of phloem fibres mentioned in the text?

They are commercially useful in jute, flax, and hemp (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of heartwood?

It gives mechanical support and is hard and durable (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the phloem in a monocot stem?

It lacks phloem parenchyma (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between spring wood and autumn wood?

The type of nutrients they require (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the pith in a monocot stem?

It is absent (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of guard cells in stomata?

Bean-shaped or dumb-bell shaped (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of sapwood?

It is present in the peripheral region of the secondary xylem (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of subsidiary cells in stomata?

To surround the guard cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of the cambium in autumn wood?

It is less active (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between primary and secondary meristems?

Primary meristems are responsible for increase in height, while secondary meristems are responsible for increase in girth (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of meristem is responsible for the regeneration of parts removed by grazing herbivores?

Intercalary meristem (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of secondary meristematic activity?

Increase in girth of the stem (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of cells in permanent tissue?

They are mostly non-dividing cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of meristem is responsible for the formation of axillary buds?

Shoot apical meristem (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of lateral meristems in plants?

In mature regions of roots and stems (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cells in the cork cambium?

They produce secondary tissue that replaces the epidermis in roots and stems (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the interfascicular cambium?

To add girth to the stem by forming secondary xylem and phloem (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the cells in the parenchyma tissue?

They are soft tissue found in softer parts of the leaf and fruits (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the intrafascicular cambium?

To produce xylem and phloem cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the sclerenchyma cells?

They are highly lignified and do not conduct water (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the apical meristem?

To initiate primary growth (A) Signup and view all the answers