ncert - Plant Growth and Development - 24-25

What does W1 represent in the exponential growth formula?

The relative growth rate is the total growth per unit time.

What is the base of natural logarithms used in exponential growth formulas?

The plant cells grow by _____ which requires water.

Which of the following factors is NOT considered essential for plant growth?

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Leaves A and B had the same initial size and increase in area.

What are the ideal conditions for plant growth mentioned in the text?

What phase of growth do constantly dividing cells in the root and shoot apex represent?

What is primarily measured to determine plant growth?

The cells in the maturation phase attain their maximal size through elongation.

Growth in plants can only be measured by the increase in fresh weight.

What are the key characteristics of cells in the phase of elongation?

The increased growth per unit time is termed as __________.

How many new cells can a single maize root apical meristem produce per hour?

Match the following types of growth with their characteristics:

The period of growth in plants is generally divided into three phases: meristematic, elongation, and __________.

Which of the following describes arithmetic growth?

Match the following growth parameters to their description:

Which plant's cells can increase in size by up to 350,000 times?

The primary cell walls in the meristematic phase are thick and lignified.

What mathematical expression can describe the rate of growth?

The growth of a pollen tube is primarily measured by its weight.

What are the three phases of plant growth?

What determines the final structure of a cell/tissue at maturity?

Development in plants is solely influenced by intrinsic factors.

What is heterophylly?

The process by which a meristematic cell matures and takes on its final form is called __________.

Which of the following is an example of environmental influence on plant structure?

What is the significance of the root apical meristem in plant cells?

The sequence of processes in plant cell development includes cell death as a final stage.

Which plant growth regulator is known as the stress hormone?

Diverse plant growth regulators can have both synergistic and antagonistic effects on growth.

What is meant by 'determinate growth' in plants?

The type of growth where the rate of growth accelerates continuously is called __________ growth.

Match the following plant growth regulators with their primary effects:

Which of the following is NOT a type of plant growth regulator?

Plant growth regulators can only promote growth activities in plants.

What is the role of abscisic acid in plants?

The gaseous plant growth regulator ________ is largely an inhibitor of growth activities.

Match the following plant growth regulators with their primary functions:

Which group of plant growth regulators is involved in growth promotion?

The discovery of the major groups of plant growth regulators was intentional and planned.

Name one characteristic of plant growth regulators.

What does the variable 'r' in the exponential growth formula represent?

The absolute growth rate is the growth measured per unit time on a common basis.

What are two factors essential for plant growth?

Plant cells enlarge through ________, which requires water.

Which statement is true regarding the relative growth rate?

Match the following growth rates with their definitions:

In the context of plant growth, what effect does turgidity have?

What shape does the growth curve typically take during the exponential phase of growth?

What is the significance of measuring absolute growth rates in plant studies?

Cells in the lag phase of growth experience rapid growth.

What is the expression for arithmetic growth?

Initially, cell growth begins slowly in the ______ phase.

Match the following phases of growth with their descriptions:

What happens during the stationary phase of growth?

The growth curve is always linear for all living organisms.

The acronym 'L0' represents the length at time ______.

What is the process called when a differentiated cell regains the ability to divide?

Oxygen is not essential for metabolic activities required for plant growth.

Name one environmental signal that can affect plant growth.

Water provides the medium for __________ activities needed for plant growth.

Which factor is NOT essential for plant growth?

Plants can only grow within a specific temperature range.

What is a characteristic change that takes place during differentiation?

What is the first step in the process of plant growth?

All cells of a plant are derived from the zygote.

What term describes the period when seeds do not germinate due to unfavorable conditions?

Development in plants encompasses growth and __________.

Which factors influence plant development?

Leaves, flowers, and fruits of a tree grow indefinitely throughout its life.

What are the two processes that comprise development in plants?

What is the term used to describe the ability of plants to form different structures in response to environmental changes?

The sequence of processes in plant cell development includes only growth and maturation.

What happens to cells positioned away from the root apical meristem?

Heterophylly is the phenomenon where juvenile leaves differ in shape from those in the __________ stage.

Which of the following represents an example of heterophylly due to environmental factors?

Match the following stages of plant development with their descriptions:

Development in plants is influenced solely by intrinsic factors.

What is the final stage of the developmental process in a plant cell?

Which of the following is NOT classified as a plant growth regulator?

Growth promoters in plant growth regulators include auxins, gibberellins, and abscisic acid.

What group of plant growth regulators helps plants respond to wounds and stresses?

The gaseous plant growth regulator __________ can act as both a promoter and inhibitor of growth activities.

Match the following plant growth regulators with their characteristics:

Which of the following PGRs is primarily involved in plant growth promotion?

All major groups of plant growth regulators were discovered intentionally.

Identify one characteristic of plant growth regulators.

Which of the following best describes the process of development in plants?

All plant cells share the same structure regardless of their function.

Development in plants is influenced by both _____ and external factors.

Match the following phases of plant growth with their descriptions:

Which statement accurately reflects the behavior of seeds under unfavorable conditions?

Vegetative growth occurs after flowering in a plant.

Name one type of internal factor that influences plant growth and development.

Which group of plant growth regulators is primarily involved in promoting growth activities?

Ethylene is only classified as a growth promoter among plant growth regulators.

Plant growth regulators that involve responses to wounds and stresses are termed __________.

Match each type of plant growth regulator to its primary role:

What are plant growth regulators also known as?

The discovery of plant growth regulators was intentional and systematically done.

Which plant growth regulator is considered the stress hormone?

Which of the following are synthetic auxins?

Auxins inhibit the growth of lateral (axillary) buds through a phenomenon known as apical dominance.

What is the primary effect of gibberellins in plants?

Auxins help to initiate rooting in stem cuttings, which is widely used for __________.

Match the following plant growth regulators with their functions:

Which plant growth regulator is primarily known for preventing fruit and leaf drop?

2, 4-D impacts mature monocotyledonous plants.

The substance known as auxin is derived from __________ acid.

Which of the following actions is NOT influenced by ethylene in plants?

Abscisic acid is primarily associated with promoting seed germination.

What effect does ethylene have on fruit ripening?

Ethylene promotes _____ of plant organs, particularly leaves and flowers.

Which of the following PGRs is known as the stress hormone?

Match the following effects with the corresponding plant growth regulator:

What is the role of ethylene in deep water rice plants?

Ethephon is used as a source of gibberellins to promote vegetative growth in plants.

Which group of plant growth regulators primarily promotes cell division and differentiation?

The growth of plants is entirely governed by intrinsic factors such as plant growth regulators.

What are the three principal phases of growth in plants?

The chemical substances that regulate plant growth are known as __________.

Which of the following events is influenced by temperature as an extrinsic factor?

Plant differentiation is a process that cannot reverse once it has occurred.

What is the role of apical meristems in plant growth?

Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of light in plant growth?

Define dedifferentiation in plants.

Abscisic acid is often referred to as the __________ hormone.

Match the following plant growth regulators with their primary applications:

Which growth measurement primarily indicates the increase in size of a cell?

The growth phases of plants include meristematic, elongation, and maturation.

What is the primary consequence of vascular cambium growth in plants?

A single maize root apical meristem can produce more than _______ new cells per hour.

Which of the following parameters is NOT used to measure plant growth?

Cells in the elongation phase primarily contribute to an increase in cell number.

What is the mathematical expression for arithmetic growth?

A sigmoid curve is typical for all cells, tissues, and organs of a plant.

What phase of growth is characterized by initially slow growth followed by rapid exponential growth?

The phase where growth begins to slow down due to limited nutrient supply is known as the __________ phase.

Match the following growth phases with their descriptions:

In a typical growth curve of a living organism, what shape is formed?

The growth rate 'r' in the equation Lt = L0 + rt represents the nutrient supply.

What kind of growth is depicted by a linear relationship between length and time?

What substance was identified as being responsible for the growth response towards light in canary grass coleoptiles?

What is the term used for the phenomenon where the growing apical bud inhibits the growth of lateral buds?

Ethylene is primarily known as a growth inhibitor in plants.

Auxins like 2,4-D can promote flowering in higher plants.

Name the plant growth regulator that was confirmed to be released from ripened oranges and hastens the ripening process.

What synthetic auxin is commonly used to kill dicotyledonous weeds?

The fungal pathogen responsible for 'bakanae' disease in rice is ________.

Gibberellins are known to promote __________ in plants.

Match the following auxins with their characteristics:

What was the active substance identified from the internodal segments of tobacco stems that promotes cell proliferation?

Which auxin is known for inducing parthenocarpy?

What are the three independent inhibitors characterized in the mid-1960s that were later identified as abscisic acid?

Removing the shoot tips of a plant will always inhibit the growth of lateral buds.

F.W. Went isolated auxin from the tips of the coleoptiles in canary grass.

Name one application of auxins in agricultural practices.

Which plant growth regulator is known for promoting the ripening of fruits?

Abscisic acid promotes seed germination.

What role does ethylene play in deep water rice plants?

Ethephon is a compound used as a source of ________.

Which of the following effects is NOT associated with ethylene?

What is the term for the rise in respiration rate during fruit ripening due to ethylene?

Abscisic acid is also referred to as the ________ hormone.

Which of the following is NOT a phase of plant growth?

Growth in plants is determined solely by intrinsic factors.

Name one plant growth regulator involved in cell differentiation.

The process by which a plant goes through various growth and development phases is called ________.

Which of the following events is influenced by both PGRs and environmental factors?

The apical dominance in plants is regulated entirely by external environmental factors.

What type of growth is characterized by an irregular increase in the number of plant cells?

All seeds will germinate regardless of environmental conditions.

What two processes make up development in plants?

Once favorable conditions return, seeds resume __________ activities.

Match the following phases of growth to their definitions:

Which of the following defines the relationship between structure and function in plant organs?

The leaves, flowers, and fruits of a tree grow indefinitely.

What types of factors influence plant development?

What is responsible for the phase of elongation in plant growth?

The meristematic phase involves cells that differentiate and mature.

What mathematical term is used to describe the increased growth per unit time?

Cells in the maturation phase undergo maximal wall thickening and protoplasmic modifications, reaching their maximum size in the __________ of growth.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the cells in the meristematic phase?

Arithmetic growth means that both daughter cells from mitosis continue to divide.

What happens to one of the daughter cells in arithmetic growth?

What type of curve characterizes geometrical growth in living organisms?

In the stationary phase, growth continues at the same rapid rate as during the exponential phase.

Define the term 'lag phase' in relation to growth.

The formula for arithmetic growth can be expressed as ________.

Match the types of growth with their descriptions:

What does 'r' represent in the equations describing growth?

The growth pattern of plants can be described as following a typical S-curve due to environmental factors.

What happens to growth during the stationary phase?

What is the main characteristic of plant growth?

Plant growth can be defined as a reversible increase in size.

Name the two types of meristems responsible for primary growth in plants.

The form of growth in which new cells are continuously added to the plant body is called __________ growth.

What happens if the meristem ceases to divide?

The vascular cambium is involved in increasing the girth of plant organs.

Describe the relationship between plant growth and metabolic processes.

What is the term that describes the ability of plants to form different kinds of structures in response to their environment?

The final structure at maturity of a cell or tissue is solely determined by genetic factors.

What is the process called that involves the maturation of a meristematic cell into its final form?

Heterophylly in plants is an example of __________.

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

Which of the following statements accurately describes the developmental process in plants?

Cells positioned away from the root apical meristem differentiate as root-cap cells.

What phenomenon describes the difference in leaf shapes in juvenile and mature plants, as seen in cotton, coriander, and larkspur?

Which of the following plant growth regulators is primarily involved in growth inhibition?

Plant growth promoters, such as auxins and gibberellins, have no role in cell division.

What are the two broad groups of plant growth regulators based on their functions?

Gaseous plant growth regulator ________ is primarily known as a growth inhibitor.

Match the following plant growth regulators with their types:

Which of the following statements is true regarding the discovery of plant growth regulators?

Plant growth regulators are synthetically produced only.

What is the primary method for measuring growth at a cellular level?

The growth of a pollen tube is measured by its surface area.

Name the three phases of growth in plants.

Match the following parameters of growth with their descriptions:

Which of the following best describes the elongation phase of growth?

Cell growth in plants can be characterized only by increase in cell number.

Growth in a dorsiventral leaf is measured by an increase in its ______.

What role does water play in plant growth?

Plants can undergo dedifferentiation and regain the capacity to divide.

What is the process called when cells mature and assume specific functions?

The internal conditions under which plants best grow are referred to as their ________ temperature range.

Match the following plant processes with their definitions:

What happens to cells when they differentiate to form tracheary elements?

Environmental signals such as light have no effect on plant growth.

In plant tissue culture, what are the parenchyma cells that are made to divide called?

What substance was identified as the active component causing symptoms of 'bakanae' disease in rice seedlings?

Ethylene is a gaseous plant growth regulator that inhibits plant growth activities.

Who isolated auxin from the tips of coleoptiles?

The chemical that was later identified as abscisic acid was first reported as _______ and was found to be chemically identical.

What is the primary function of cytokinins in plants?

The callus formed from tobacco stem segments proliferated with auxins alone.

What did H.H. Cousins observe being released from ripened oranges?

What type of growth occurs when the rate of growth accelerates continuously?

What is the primary role of auxins in plants?

The use of natural plant growth regulators is limited only to promoting plant growth.

Synthetic auxins do not affect any type of plants.

Define 'dedifferentiation' in plant physiology.

What phenomenon describes the growth inhibition of lateral buds by the apical bud?

Abscisic acid is often referred to as the __________ hormone due to its role in stress responses in plants.

Auxins are widely used as _____ in agriculture.

Which plant growth regulator is primarily associated with promoting flowering?

Gibberellins are produced primarily in the roots of plants.

Explain the effect of removing shoot tips (decapitation) in plants.

Which plant growth regulator is primarily responsible for promoting cell elongation?

Plasticity in development refers to the rigidity of plant structure and function.

Plant movements can be influenced by __________ factors such as light and temperature.

Which of the following events is regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors?

Abscisic acid is known as a growth-promoting hormone in plants.

What role do meristems play in plant growth?

What are the two main processes that contribute to plant development?

The cellular structure and function of all plant cells are identical.

What triggers the germination of a seed?

The first step in the process of plant growth is _____ germination.

Match the following plant tissues with their functions:

Which of the following statements about the development of plants is true?

Plant growth can only be influenced by external factors.

What is the significance of the root apical meristem?

Which of the following is considered a plant growth promoter?

Ethylene is primarily a growth promoter in plants.

Name one group of plant growth regulators that inhibits growth.

Plant growth regulators classified as _______ are involved in activities such as flowering and seed formation.

What characteristic is common among plant growth regulators?

Match the following plant growth regulators with their respective types:

The discovery of plant growth regulators was intentional and planned.

What is one effect of ethylene on plants?

Abscisic acid (ABA) stimulates seed germination.

What is the primary gaseous plant growth regulator responsible for fruit ripening?

Ethephon releases ________ slowly within the plant.

Match the following effects with the respective plant growth regulators:

Which process does ethylene enhance during fruit ripening?

Abscisic acid is referred to as the stress hormone in plants.

Ethylene promotes ________ growth and root hair formation.

What substance was identified by F.W. Went as causing the bending of the coleoptile due to phototropism?

Gibberella fujikuroi is responsible for causing 'bakanae' disease in rice seedlings.

What is the gaseous plant growth regulator that accelerates the ripening of fruits?

The active substance causing the growth abnormalities in 'bakanae' disease was identified as __________.

Which of the following substances was later identified as having the same chemical identity as three different inhibitors?

The internodal segments of tobacco stems can proliferate without the addition of auxins.

Name one experiment that demonstrated the site of transmittable influence in coleoptiles.

Which of the following is a primary effect of gibberellins (GA3) when applied to rice seedlings?

Dedifferentiation occurs when specialized cells revert to a less specialized state.

What term describes the phenomenon of plants having potential for growth and differentiation throughout their life?

The term for the type of growth where the size of a population grows at a constant rate is __________ growth.

Match the following plant growth regulators with their associated functions:

Which of the following plant growth regulators (PGRs) is primarily known for promoting cell division?

Plant growth is solely influenced by intrinsic factors.

Which of the following events does NOT involve the influence of light and temperature as extrinsic factors?

Meristematic growth is characterized by irreversible increases in plant size.

Plant growth and development occur under the control of ________ and ________ factors.

What is the phase of growth characterized by increased vacuolation and cell enlargement?

Arithmetic growth involves both daughter cells continuing to divide after mitotic cell division.

What type of growth shows an increase that may be geometric or arithmetic?

The cells in the region of the root that undergo active division are referred to as __________ cells.

Match the following growth types with their characteristics:

Which part of the plant primarily experiences growth in the meristematic phase?

Cell walls in the meristematic phase are typically thick and lignified.

The growth rate can be expressed __________.

Which of the following factors does NOT influence plant growth and development?

Plant growth regulators can only act synergistically.

What is the term for the growth that occurs in a constant ratio over time?

_____ is known as the stress hormone in plants.

What defines the ability of plants to form different kinds of structures in response to the environment or phases of life?

The final structure of a cell at maturity is only determined by its genetic makeup.

What is the term for the changes an organism undergoes throughout its life cycle?

Plants demonstrate _____, where juvenile leaves differ in shape from mature leaves.

What type of growth curve characterizes living organisms growing in a natural environment?

In arithmetic growth, the length of the organ increases at a variable rate.

Match the following developmental stages with their definitions:

What does the variable 'r' represent in the growth formula?

Which of the following plants exhibits heterophylly due to environmental factors?

Cell division is the final stage in the development of a plant cell.

The initial phase of growth that is slow due to limited cell division is known as the __________.

Match the growth phases with their characteristics:

Name one factor that influences development in plants.

How is the formula for arithmetic growth expressed?

In the stationary phase, growth slows down due to unlimited nutrient supply.

What type of growth rate is depicted in a linear curve?

What is the primary role of ethylene in plants?

Abscisic acid stimulates seed germination.

Name one effect of ethylene on seedlings.

Ethylene promotes rapid ________ elongation in deep water rice plants.

Match the following substances with their roles in plant growth:

What is the effect of abscisic acid during stress conditions?

The increased rate of respiration during fruit ripening is known as the ________ climactic.

Ethephon is a widely used source of abscisic acid in agriculture.

What substance did F.W. Went isolate from the coleoptile tips?

The coleoptiles of canary grass exhibit phototropism.

What disease in rice seedlings is caused by the fungal pathogen Gibberella fujikuroi?

The active substance identified in the 'bakanae' disease of rice is ________.

Match the following plant growth regulators with their identified effects:

Which of the following substances was later identified as a gaseous plant growth regulator?

Kinetin was identified as a substance that inhibits cell division in plants.

Who confirmed the release of a volatile substance from ripened oranges that hastened ripening of bananas?

What type of growth allows plants to increase in size indefinitely due to meristem activity?

Meristems lose their capacity to divide after producing new cells.

What is the definition of growth in the context of plants?

The __________ meristem is responsible for the elongation of plants along their axis.

Which of the following structures is responsible for increasing the girth of plant organs?

Match the following types of growth with their definitions:

What happens to plant growth if the meristem ceases to divide?

What is the primary characteristic of cells in the meristematic phase of growth?

In plants, _____ are responsible for producing cells that contribute to growth.

Cells in the maturation phase undergo significant elongation.

What mathematical forms can growth rate take?

In the meristematic zone, the cells possess __________ cell walls that are thin and cellulosic.

Match the growth phases with their descriptions:

The cells in the elongation phase show abundant plasmodesmata connections.

What is the primary activity occurring at the root and shoot apex?

Which of the following best describes development in plants?

Heterophylly refers to the phenomenon where different leaves of a plant have the same shape throughout its life cycle.

What is meant by plasticity in plant development?

The final structure at maturity of a cell or tissue is influenced by its __________ within the organism.

Match the following plant development terms to their descriptions:

What is an example of heterophylly?

The process of cell __________ involves cells reaching their full size through elongation.

Name one factor that influences plant growth and differentiation.

Which of the following are characteristics of plant growth regulators (PGRs)?

Gibberellins are considered plant growth inhibitors.

Name one type of plant growth regulator that is known to stimulate growth.

The gaseous plant growth regulator __________ is known for its role in both promoting and inhibiting growth activities.

Which of the following groups of PGRs primarily contributes to responses to biotic and abiotic stresses?

What are the two groups into which plant growth regulators can be broadly classified?

What is the primary effect of auxin in plant growth?

Gibberella fujikuroi causes the 'bakanae' disease in rice seedlings.

What compound was identified as the active substance from the fungus in the 'bakanae' disease?

The gaseous plant growth regulator ________ is known to hasten the ripening of fruits.

Match the following plant growth regulators with their respective functions:

Which of the following is a characteristic of abscisic acid (ABA)?

All inhibitors of plant growth regulators are chemically identical.

Who is credited with isolating auxin from coleoptiles?

Which of the following is NOT a synthetic auxin?

Auxins are produced exclusively in the roots of plants.

What phenomenon inhibits the growth of lateral buds in most higher plants?

Auxins promote flowering in _________.

What is one of the primary uses of gibberellins in plants?

2, 4-D affects both dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants equally.

What is one effect of auxins on the fruit development process?

What is the term for the ability of plants to form different structures in response to their environment?

Which parameter is indicative of the ability of a plant to produce new material?

Heterophylly is an example of how plants respond to changes in their environment.

The absolute growth rate is defined as the growth of a system per unit time expressed on a common basis.