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Questions and Answers
What happens when the apical bud of a plant is removed?
What happens when the apical bud of a plant is removed?
Gibberellic acid can induce flowering in which type of plant?
Gibberellic acid can induce flowering in which type of plant?
Which plant hormone is primarily involved in inducing morphogenesis in plant tissue culture?
Which plant hormone is primarily involved in inducing morphogenesis in plant tissue culture?
Which hormone is known to break dormancy in potato tubers?
Which hormone is known to break dormancy in potato tubers?
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What is a primary use of ethylene in agriculture?
What is a primary use of ethylene in agriculture?
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What plant hormone is present in high amounts in coconut water?
What plant hormone is present in high amounts in coconut water?
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Which hormone can overcome the effect of apical dominance?
Which hormone can overcome the effect of apical dominance?
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Why are apples generally wrapped in waxed paper?
Why are apples generally wrapped in waxed paper?
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Which of the following can be used as parameters to measure plant growth?
Which of the following can be used as parameters to measure plant growth?
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What is meant by the synergistic action of hormones?
What is meant by the synergistic action of hormones?
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Which hormone is sprayed on sugarcane to increase sugar production?
Which hormone is sprayed on sugarcane to increase sugar production?
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Which statement is TRUE about abiotic stresses?
Which statement is TRUE about abiotic stresses?
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What are the major abiotic factors that determine the types of plants that can grow in an ecosystem?
What are the major abiotic factors that determine the types of plants that can grow in an ecosystem?
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What force primarily prevents plant roots from growing upwards?
What force primarily prevents plant roots from growing upwards?
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What is the term for a plant's directed growth or movement in response to a specific stimulus, such as light, gravity, water, or contact?
What is the term for a plant's directed growth or movement in response to a specific stimulus, such as light, gravity, water, or contact?
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What is the term for a plant's growth or movement in response to gravity?
What is the term for a plant's growth or movement in response to gravity?
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Why does a plant growing in partial shade tend to grow with all of its leaves on one side?
Why does a plant growing in partial shade tend to grow with all of its leaves on one side?
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What is the term for the response that helps aerial plants find water vapor in the humid air?
What is the term for the response that helps aerial plants find water vapor in the humid air?
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What happens to the stem of a plant grown upside-down?
What happens to the stem of a plant grown upside-down?
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What is the term for a plant's bending or growth in response to light?
What is the term for a plant's bending or growth in response to light?
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What changes would Jean Claude most likely observe in flower bulbs grown in a warm, heated room compared to those in a refrigerator?
What changes would Jean Claude most likely observe in flower bulbs grown in a warm, heated room compared to those in a refrigerator?
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Which term refers to the substances that regulate plant growth and development?
Which term refers to the substances that regulate plant growth and development?
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What is the primary driver of growth in plants?
What is the primary driver of growth in plants?
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In which plant was auxin first discovered?
In which plant was auxin first discovered?
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Which of the following is a synthetic auxin and not naturally occurring?
Which of the following is a synthetic auxin and not naturally occurring?
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Which amino acid is essential for the biosynthesis of auxin?
Which amino acid is essential for the biosynthesis of auxin?
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What role does gibberellin play in plant development?
What role does gibberellin play in plant development?
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for delaying leaf senescence?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for delaying leaf senescence?
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What physiological response is associated with a sudden increase in ethylene during banana ripening?
What physiological response is associated with a sudden increase in ethylene during banana ripening?
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What controls the differentiation of shoot in plants?
What controls the differentiation of shoot in plants?
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Which of the following is classified as a gaseous plant hormone?
Which of the following is classified as a gaseous plant hormone?
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What type of movement is exemplified by tendrils wrapping around a support?
What type of movement is exemplified by tendrils wrapping around a support?
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A plant is said to be etiolated when it shows which of the following characteristics?
A plant is said to be etiolated when it shows which of the following characteristics?
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What apparatus is commonly used to demonstrate phototropism?
What apparatus is commonly used to demonstrate phototropism?
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Most leaves and flower buds open due to which phenomenon?
Most leaves and flower buds open due to which phenomenon?
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Which of the following movements is a good example of chemotropism?
Which of the following movements is a good example of chemotropism?
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What is the term for the movement of clover leaves closing during the night?
What is the term for the movement of clover leaves closing during the night?
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Thigmotropism in plants is a response to which stimulus?
Thigmotropism in plants is a response to which stimulus?
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Phototropic movements in stems are primarily due to which factor?
Phototropic movements in stems are primarily due to which factor?
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What is the primary cause of geotropic responses in roots?
What is the primary cause of geotropic responses in roots?
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What hormone promotes seed germination in plants?
What hormone promotes seed germination in plants?
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What is the consequence of cutting or excising leaves and inducing rooting?
What is the consequence of cutting or excising leaves and inducing rooting?
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What is the reason for the leaves of trees changing color and eventually falling off during winter?
What is the reason for the leaves of trees changing color and eventually falling off during winter?
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What causes the roots of a plant to grow downward when it is turned?
What causes the roots of a plant to grow downward when it is turned?
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In Rachel's experiment on tomato fertilizers, what serves as the control?
In Rachel's experiment on tomato fertilizers, what serves as the control?
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What phenomenon describes how certain plants lose their leaves due to drought conditions?
What phenomenon describes how certain plants lose their leaves due to drought conditions?
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What plant growth regulator can be applied to increase female flowers in cucumber plants?
What plant growth regulator can be applied to increase female flowers in cucumber plants?
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Which hormone is commonly known to promote flowering in long day plants?
Which hormone is commonly known to promote flowering in long day plants?
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What can result when a short-day plant like Nicotiana tabacum is exposed to more than the critical period of light?
What can result when a short-day plant like Nicotiana tabacum is exposed to more than the critical period of light?
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How are hormones in plants typically translocated to their site of activity?
How are hormones in plants typically translocated to their site of activity?
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What is parthenocarpy in plants and which hormone is commonly used to induce it?
What is parthenocarpy in plants and which hormone is commonly used to induce it?
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What is the adaptive significance of some varieties of wheat being sown in autumn?
What is the adaptive significance of some varieties of wheat being sown in autumn?
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Which segment of the sigmoid growth curve represents the phase of rapid growth?
Which segment of the sigmoid growth curve represents the phase of rapid growth?
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What is the primary reason some plants do not grow indefinitely?
What is the primary reason some plants do not grow indefinitely?
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Which gas is considered a plant hormone and is involved in various plant processes?
Which gas is considered a plant hormone and is involved in various plant processes?
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What is a common challenge a gardener faces with broad-leaved dicot weeds?
What is a common challenge a gardener faces with broad-leaved dicot weeds?
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Study Notes
Plant Growth and Development: Study Notes
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Plant Growth Regulators (Phytohormones): Control plant growth and development.
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Auxin:
- First discovered in oats.
- Naturally occurring auxin: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Phenyl acetic acid (PAA).
- Synthetic auxin: 2,4-D.
- Precursor amino acid: Tryptophan.
- Physiological effects: cell elongation, stem elongation, cell differentiation, rooting.
- Synthesized in apical meristems.
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Gibberellins:
- Synthesized in young leaves, coleoptile tips, endosperm.
- Transported via phloem.
- Role in seed germination.
- Promotes stem elongation, flowering, and fruit development.
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Cytokinins:
- First naturally occurring cytokinin: Zeatin.
- Delays leaf senescence.
- Important in cell division, differentiation and morphogenesis in plant tissue cultures.
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Abscisic Acid (ABA):
- Stress hormone.
- Induces stomatal closure during water stress.
- Involved in seed dormancy.
- Promotes leaf fall.
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Ethylene:
- Gaseous plant hormone.
- Induces fruit ripening (e.g., bananas).
- May affect leaf senescence
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Brassinosteroids:
- Involved in plant development
- May play a role in responses to abiotic stress.
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Tropic Movements: Directional growth responses in response to stimuli.
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Phototropism: Growth response to light.
- Auxin plays a role, with higher concentration on the shaded side promoting growth.
- Stems exhibit positive phototropism (grow towards light), roots exhibit negative phototropism (grow away from light).
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Geotropism (Gravitropism): Growth response to gravity.
- Roots exhibit positive geotropism (grow downwards).
- Stems exhibit generally negative geotropism (grow upwards).
- Auxin distribution affects growth direction.
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Hydrotropism: Growth response to water.
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Thigmotropism: Growth response to touch.
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Nastic Movements: Non-directional, reversible movements in response to stimuli (e.g., nyctinasty in leaves).
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Apical Dominance: Suppression of lateral buds by the apical bud, due to higher auxin concentration.
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Morphogenesis: Formation of plant structures (tissues and organs).
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Seed Germination: Process initiated by environmental trigger, sometimes by phytohormones (gibberellins)
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Leaf Senescence: Natural aging and death of leaves, influenced by hormones.
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Flowering: Process influenced by light period (photoperiod), temperature, and hormones.
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Use of plant hormones: Used in agriculture and horticulture to enhance desirable traits.
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Growth Measurement: Measured via cell number, cell size, and length/weight increase.
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Synergistic Action of Hormones: Combination of hormones for an effect - different from antagonistic action.
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Abiotic Stresses: environmental pressures (e.g., drought, temperature, salinity) impact plant productivity.
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Control Measures: Strategies to manipulate plant responses using phytohormones and other methods.
Specific Examples
- Dwarf plants: Can be treated with gibberellic acid.
- Weed control: Some selective herbicides can target specific plant growth patterns.
- Fruit ripening: Ethylene promotes ripening.
- Preventing over-ripening: Ascorbic acid solution can slow down the process.
- Increasing fruit size: Application of plant hormones, such as gibberellins, can be used to increase size.
Additional Information
- Multiple choice questions on various plant growth processes covered
- Detailed explanation provided on the factors that affect plant growth and development
- Answers to various concepts.
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Description
Explore the essential plant growth regulators and their roles in plant development. This quiz covers key phytohormones such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid. Understand their physiological effects and significance in various growth processes.
