Plant Form & Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the four things plants need to sustain growth?

Sunlight, water, air, and nutrients from the soil

What process do plants use to convert inorganic substances into organic forms?

Photosynthesis

Water is essential for plants, but it doesn't play a role in their ability to absorb nutrients.

False

What are the main vascular tissues in plants?

<p>Xylem and phloem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the xylem primarily transport?

<p>Water and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of cells that make up xylem?

<p>Tracheids and vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

Xylem vessels are living cells.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance strengthens xylem tissues?

<p>Lignin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process does the phloem use to transport food?

<p>Translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell in phloem carries out vital processes?

<p>Companion cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sieve tube elements are dead cells.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main types of artificial vegetative propagation?

<p>Cutting, budding and grafting, and tissue culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced by the anther in a flower?

<p>Pollen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three stages of sexual reproduction in flowering plants?

<p>Pollination, fertilization, and seed dispersal</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of pollination?

<p>Self-pollination and cross-pollination</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fertilization in flowering plants occurs when pollen grains land on the stigma.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Seed dispersal is important for preventing overcrowding and competition among plants.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four conditions that are essential for seed germination?

<p>Water, oxygen, warmth, and a suitable substrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the modified plant stem with its description and example.

<p>Runner = New plants arise from the nodes of a horizontal stem above the ground Rhizome = New plants arise from the nodes of a horizontal rootlike underground stem Corm = New plants arise from very short thick underground stems with thin scaly leaves Tuber = New shoots arise from an auxiliary bud on a short, swollen, fleshy underground stem Bulb = New bulbs arise from an auxiliary bud on very short stems with thick fleshy leaves (only in monocots)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 17 essential elements for plant nutrition?

<p>Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, molybdenum, copper, and nickel</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plant hormones only regulate the development of plant organs.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Asexual reproduction in flowering plants produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent plant.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Form & Function

  • Plants need sunlight, water, nutrients from the soil, and air to grow.
  • Plants absorb inorganic substances like water and carbon dioxide (CO2).
  • Through photosynthesis, plants convert these inorganic compounds into organic compounds like glucose and oxygen (O2).

How Important is Water to Plants?

  • Water is essential for plant survival.
  • Plants use micronutrients from the soil.
  • Some plants have root hairs that increase their surface area for absorbing water.

Root Nodules

  • Root nodules in some plants are a symbiotic relationship between legumes and bacteria.
  • Bacteria help convert nitrogen gas into ammonia.

Transport System in Plants

  • Vascular tissues in plants allow the transport of substances from one part of the plant to another.
  • The main vascular tissues are xylem and phloem.

Xylem and Phloem

  • Xylem transports water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.

  • Xylem is made of tracheids and vessels.

  • Tracheids do not flow continuously.

  • Vessels are hollow tubes that stretch from the roots to leaves.

  • Xylem fibers provide structural support.

  • Xylem parenchyma cells store food, and are the only living cells in the xylem that assist with food storage.

  • Xylem is strengthened by lignin.

  • Different patterns of lignin exist, and these vary based on the xylem's location.

  • Phloem transports manufactured food (like sucrose and amino acids) from the leaves to other plant parts.

  • Phloem consists of sieve tubes and companion cells.

  • Sieve tubes are elongated, thin-walled cells with sieve pores that conduct food.

  • Companion cells carry out essential processes.

  • Companion cells have abundant cytoplasm and are extremely thin-walled.

Transport System in Plants

  • These tissues are physically close to each other enabling an efficient transport system.

Plant Nutrition

  • Plant nutrition is the supply and absorption of essential chemical compounds.

  • These compounds are necessary for plant growth.

  • There are 17 essential elements required by plants. (List provided in the presentation)

Adaptive Mechanisms of Plants

  • Plants adapt to various conditions to ensure nutrient acquisition.
  • They alter growth patterns responding to stress and nutrient availability.
  • Plants use various metabolic pathways for efficient nutrient use.
  • Plants use physical and chemical barriers to protect against pathogens.
  • Plant hormones (like auxin, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid).regulate the development and signal networks of the plant.

Asexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

  • Many plants reproduce asexually through their vegetative parts (stems, roots, and leaves).
  • The new plant is genetically identical to the parent plant.

Methods of Artificial Vegetative Propagation

  • Cutting: Leaves, stems, or roots are cut from a plant, and then planted.
  • Budding and grafting: Small stems or buds from one plant are attached to the stem or root of another plant.
  • Tissue culture: Pieces of a plant are placed in a sterile medium to grow new plants.

Modified Stems

  • Runners: New plants arise from stem nodes above ground. (Ex. Strawberry Plants)
  • Rhizomes: New plants arise from nodes of horizontal underground stems. (Ex. Ginger and Sugarcane)
  • Corms: Short thick underground stems with thin scaly leaves. (Ex. Gladiolus)
  • Tubers: New shoots arise from auxiliary buds on short swollen underground stems. (Ex. Potato)
  • Bulbs: New bulbs from axillary buds, with short stems and thick fleshy leaves. (Ex. Garlic and Onions)

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

  • All flowering plants reproduce sexually through the flower.
  • Flowers can be perfect (hermaphrodite) having both male and female parts, or imperfect (one sex only).
  • Specialized structures (petals, sepals, receptable, peduncle, stamen (anther and filament), and pistil (stigma, style, ovary)) form the flower.

Stages of Sexual Reproduction in Plants

  • Pollination: Pollen transfer from the anther to the stigma. (Wind, water, insects, and other animals.)
  • Self-pollination: pollen is transferred to the other part of the same plant.
  • Cross-pollination: pollen is moved to the stigma of another plant.
  • Fertilization: Pollen tube grows from the stigma to the ovule, uniting with the egg.
  • Seed dispersal: Seeds are transported away from the parent plant.
  • Germination: Seed absorbs water and oxygen forming into a new plant.

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Plant Form and Function PDF

Description

Test your knowledge about how plants grow and function. This quiz covers essential topics such as photosynthesis, water absorption, symbiotic relationships in root nodules, and the plant transport system. Challenge yourself on the vascular tissues, xylem, and phloem dynamics essential for plant life.

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