Plant Extract Research
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary objective of testing the 380 extracts from 200 plants?

  • To evaluate the nutritional value of various plants.
  • To find a cure for all types of diseases.
  • To identify substances that can kill malaria-causing *Plasmodium* parasites. (correct)
  • To determine the ecological impact of herbal remedies.

    • Which plant extract demonstrated initial promise in the research?

  • Peppermint extract
  • Ginger extract
  • *Artemisia annua* extract (correct)
  • Ginseng extract

    • What is the new preparation technique mentioned in the research?

  • Infusion with alcohol
  • Decoction by simmering the root of the plant (correct)
  • Freezing and thawing the plant material
  • Extraction with organic solvents

    • What issue arose with the extract of Artemisia annua after further testing?

    <p>Further tests yielded inconsistent results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many extracts were tested in the research study?

    <p>380 extracts from 200 plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of Tu Youyou's early research before she discovered artemisinin?

    <p>Schistosomiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year did Tu Youyou lead a research team to discover an antimalarial compound?

    <p>1969</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ancient medicine did Tu Youyou study that contributed to her discovery of artemisinin?

    <p>A 1971 ancient recipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of Project 523, which Tu Youyou participated in?

    <p>Find new antimalarial drugs from traditional medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Tu Youyou's illness in her teenage years influence her career path?

    <p>It spurred her interest in discovering medicines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role does Tu Youyou currently hold?

    <p>Chief scientist at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mosquito is primarily responsible for transmitting malaria?

    <p>Anopheles mosquitoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which quote reflects Tu Youyou's view on traditional Chinese medicine?

    <p>No doubt, traditional Chinese medicine provides a rich resource.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant role did Valentina Tereshkova hold within the Soviet Union after her space flight?

    <p>Director of the Soviet Women's Committee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the duration of Valentina Tereshkova's space flight aboard the Vostok 6 capsule?

    <p>71 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial experience did Valentina Tereshkova have before joining the Soviet space program?

    <p>Amateur parachuting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Valentina Tereshkova first enter the Soviet space program?

    <p>1961</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which milestone was achieved by Valentina Tereshkova in 1963?

    <p>First civilian to fly in space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describe the mechanism of action of artemisinin?

    <p>Artemisinin damages the malaria parasite's membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inspired Tu Youyou to research artemisinin?

    <p>A historical Chinese medical text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was artemisinin licensed for use?

    <p>1986</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound was developed by Tu Youyou that is more potent than artemisinin?

    <p>Dihydroartemisinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best summarizes the impact of artemisinin combination therapy (ACTs)?

    <p>It effectively treats malaria, saving millions of lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What notable distinction does Tu Youyou hold in the context of the Nobel Prize?

    <p>She was the first Chinese woman to win the Nobel Prize in Medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural substance was crucial for the development of Ivermectin by Satoshi Omura?

    <p>Streptomyces avermitilis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach did Tu Youyou take to improve the extraction of artemisinin?

    <p>Redesigning experiments with low-temperature methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year did Patricia Bath graduate from medical school?

    <p>1968</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which institution did Patricia Bath co-found in 1976?

    <p>American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovative tool did Patricia Bath invent in 1986?

    <p>Laserphaco Probe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Patricia Bath become the first US woman to establish an ophthalmology residency training program?

    <p>1983</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where did Patricia Bath complete her residency in ophthalmology?

    <p>New York University</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant milestone in Jane Goodall's career in 1965?

    <p>She earned a PhD in ethology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of chimpanzees did Goodall identify through her research?

    <p>Complex personalities and emotions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the Jane Goodall Institute, founded in 1977?

    <p>To champion chimpanzee conservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Louis Leakey play in Jane Goodall's research?

    <p>He guided her early education in primate behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Goodall's observations contribute to the understanding of chimpanzee behavior?

    <p>They highlighted the similarities in behavior between chimpanzees and humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key observation Goodall made about chimpanzees regarding their diet?

    <p>They are omnivorous.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which program did Goodall establish in 1991 aimed at youth education on conservation?

    <p>Roots &amp; Shoots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the tools used by chimpanzees that Goodall observed?

    <p>Branches for collecting food.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributed to the potential effectiveness of the plant extracts during the research review?

    <p>The chemical composition of the extracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic of the extract from Artemisia annua led to discrepancies in its effectiveness during testing?

    <p>Variability in sample preparation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant challenge encountered in the evaluation of the 380 extracts?

    <p>Difficulty in quantifying active compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the comparative studies of plant extracts, what aspect was critical for validating results across different trials?

    <p>Standardization of measurement techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is most likely to affect the stability of plant extracts during storage?

    <p>Temperature and humidity control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the interaction of particle-antiparticle pairs near a black hole's event horizon?

    <p>One particle falls into the black hole while the other escapes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which significant contribution did Roger Penrose provide in relation to black holes?

    <p>He collaborated with Hawking to show how black holes form from stellar collapse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key challenge faced by Hawking's formula for radiation upon its initial proposal?

    <p>It was met with skepticism and not universally accepted at first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Penrose diagrams serve in the study of black holes?

    <p>They visualize the effects of gravity on approaching objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hawking radiation signify about the nature of black holes?

    <p>They can lose energy and mass over time, leading to evaporation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant position did Stephen Hawking hold at Cambridge University?

    <p>Lucasian Professor of Mathematics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a key focus area of Stephen Hawking's research?

    <p>Black holes and quantum mechanics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is notable about A Brief History of Time in terms of its sales success?

    <p>It remained on the Sunday Times bestseller list for 237 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prestigious award did Stephen Hawking receive for his contributions to physics?

    <p>Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did Stephen Hawking's disabilities have on his career?

    <p>They did not hinder his extensive work in physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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