Plant Cell Structures and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main classifications of plant tissues?

  • Meristematic and Permanent tissues (correct)
  • Meristematic and Epidermal tissues
  • Apical and Lateral tissues
  • Simple and Complex tissues

    • Permanent tissues are actively dividing cells found in growing areas of plants.

    False

    Name one type of complex permanent tissue in plants.

    Xylem or Phloem

    The height of plants is attributed to the work of __________ meristems.

    <p>apical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of tissues with their characteristics:

    <p>Apical meristem = Located at the tips of roots and shoots Lateral meristem = Responsible for secondary growth Parenchyma = Simple tissue involved in storage Xylem = Complex tissue for water transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary growth in plants referred to?

    <p>Primary growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Meristematic tissues can either remain as meristematic cells or transform into specialized cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are meristematic tissues composed of?

    <p>Actively dividing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sclerenchyma in plants?

    <p>Providing support and rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Collenchyma is a type of tissue known for its rigidity and support in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the two types of cells found in xylem tissue.

    <p>Tracheids and vessel elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sclereids strengthen seed coats and contribute to the gritty texture of certain fruits, such as ______.

    <p>pears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following components of vascular tissue with their functions:

    <p>Xylem = Transports water and minerals Phloem = Distributes nutrients and sucrose Sieve-tube elements = Transport organic nutrients Companion cells = Assist in nutrient transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is correct regarding tracheids?

    <p>Tracheids are elongated cells with thick secondary walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sieve-tube elements contain a nucleus and ribosomes, which aids in the transport of nutrients.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of tissues in plants?

    <p>Meristematic and permanent tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thick secondary walls of ______ serve as a rigid structure against water transport tension.

    <p>tracheids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which plant structure are vascular bundles arranged in a stellar formation?

    <p>Roots of monocots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of apical meristems in plants?

    <p>Responsible for primary growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lateral meristems are responsible for primary growth in plants.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tissue system does the protoderm give rise to?

    <p>Epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The outer protective layer of woody plants is known as ______.

    <p>bark</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of meristematic tissue with its function:

    <p>Apical meristem = Primary growth Lateral meristem = Secondary growth Vascular cambium = Produces xylem and phloem Cork cambium = Produces cork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of cork cells?

    <p>Prevent water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Simple permanent tissues are composed of one kind of cell.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of parenchyma cells?

    <p>Synthesis and storage of plant food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ layer prevents loss of water and invasion of microorganisms.

    <p>cuticle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of ground tissues with their characteristics:

    <p>Parenchyma = Thin flexible walls Collenchyma = Thick uneven walls Sclerenchyma = Provides structural support Cortex = Located outside vascular tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary growth resulting from the apical meristems responsible for?

    <p>Increase in plant height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Xylem and phloem are considered simple permanent tissues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be termed when a plant increases in diameter?

    <p>Secondary growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ cells help increase the absorption capacity of roots.

    <p>root hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do ray initials in vascular cambium primarily aid in?

    <p>Transporting nutrients radially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The epidermis is replaced by periderm in mature woody plants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Cell Structures and Functions

    • Plant cells are fundamental units of plant structure, performing specific functions.
    • Plant tissues are groups of similar cells performing similar functions.
    • Plant tissues are classified as meristematic and permanent.

    Meristematic Tissues

    • Composed of actively dividing cells primarily for plant growth.
    • Found in the growing parts (roots, stems) of plants.
    • Two major types: apical and lateral meristems.
    • Apical meristems: are responsible for primary growth (height increase), located at root tips and shoot tips.
      • Lead to production of primary plant body and primary meristems. (protoderm, procambium, and ground meristem)
      • Primary meristems differentiate into primary plant tissue systems (epidermis, stele (xylem/phloem), and ground tissue).
    • Lateral meristems: responsible for secondary growth (diameter/girth increase), located along the plant's length.
      • Two key types: vascular cambium and cork cambium.

    Permanent Tissues

    • Composed of non-dividing cells with specialized functions.
    • Classified as simple (one cell type) or complex (two or more cell types).
    • Simple permanent tissues: ground tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma) and epidermis.
    • Complex permanent tissues: xylem and phloem.

    Simple Permanent Tissues

    • Epidermis: Outer protective layer, develops from protoderm.
      • Covered by waxy cuticle (prevents water loss).
      • Root hairs increase absorption.
      • Trichomes (on leaves/stems) reduce water loss/reflect light.
      • Replaced with periderm as woody plants grow.
    • Ground Tissues: Fill the spaces between dermal and vascular tissues.

      • Types: parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma

      • Parenchyma: Least specialized, photosynthesis and storage (starch, food). Flexible primary walls.

      • Collenchyma: Unevenly thickened primary walls (flexible support). No secondary walls or lignin. Found in young stems and petioles.

      • Sclerenchyma: Thick, lignin-strengthened secondary walls (rigid support).

        • Sclereids: Gritty texture in fruits (seeds).
        • Fibers: Used commercially (ropes, flax).

    Complex Permanent Tissues

    • Xylem: Water-conducting tissue.

      • Composed of tracheids (elongated, water passing-through cells) and vessel elements (perforated plates for efficient water transport).
      • Thick secondary walls for rigidity and water transport.

    • Phloem: Food-conducting tissue.

      • Composed of sieve-tube elements (transporting organic substances like sucrose) and companion cells.
      • Lacking nucleus & ribosomes (efficient transport).
      • Sieve plates with pores for nutrient flow.

    • Both xylem and phloem combine to form vascular bundles, their arrangement differs in roots (star-shaped) and stems ( scattered or ring-shaped depending on the plant type).

    Did You Know?

    • Sclerenchyma cells (sclereids) give the gritty texture to fruits like pears.

    Summary

    • Plants have two major tissue types: meristematic (for growth) and permanent (for function).
    • Meristematic differentiates into specialized permanent tissues
    • Primary growth increases plant height, driven by apical meristems (roots, stems).
    • Secondary growth increases girth, driven by lateral meristems (vascular and cork cambium).
    • Ground tissues provide structural support, storage, and photosyinthesis.
    • Complex tissues (xylem, phloem) transport water and food throughout the plant.

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    Description

    Explore the essential structures and functions of plant cells in this quiz. Learn about the different types of plant tissues, including meristematic and permanent tissues, and their specific roles in plant growth. Test your knowledge of apical and lateral meristems and their contributions to plant development.

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