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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
Which organelles are primarily involved in photosynthesis?
Which type of plastid is responsible for storing pigments?
What is the role of ribosomes in the cell?
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Which statement about the cytoplasm is correct?
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Which type of plastid typically does not contain pigments?
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What can plastids do that makes them unique among organelles?
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What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
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What component of the cell membrane contributes to its semipermeable nature?
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What is the sub-organelles' name within chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs?
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What do thylakoids contain that helps capture light energy?
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What distinguishes mitochondria from chloroplasts?
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Which part of the endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for protein synthesis?
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What role does the Golgi apparatus play in the cell?
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What characteristic defines the outer structure of chloroplasts?
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What are ribosomes primarily responsible for in the cell?
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What is the basic functional unit of plants?
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Which process allows plants to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars?
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What is a key characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
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Which of the following organelles is unique to plant cells?
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What does the protoplast of a plant cell include?
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Which type of cell is unable to produce its own food?
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Which feature is present in both plant and animal cells?
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What role does chlorophyll play in plant cells?
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What additional role does the Golgi apparatus play in plant cells?
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What is the function of chromosomes within the nucleus?
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How is genetic information transferred during cell division?
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Where is mitochondrial DNA inherited from?
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What is a key function of ribosomes in the cell?
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Which organelle contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis?
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What role does the cytoplasm serve in the cell?
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What does the cell membrane control?
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Study Notes
Plant Cell Structure
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Plant cells are the fundamental units of plants, responsible for life processes.
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Prokaryotic cells are simple with no membrane-bound nucleus, found in bacteria and algae.
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Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, plastids, and vacuoles. Plant cells are eukaryotic.
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Cell wall is a rigid structure that provides support and protection, unique to plant cells.
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Central vacuole is a large, fluid-filled sac storing water, nutrients, and waste, unique to plant cells.
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Chloroplasts are organelles responsible for photosynthesis, using sunlight to produce sugar for the plant.
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Chromoplasts store pigments that give flowers and fruits their orange and yellow colors.
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Leucoplasts lack pigments and are responsible for storing starch, lipids, and proteins.
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Protoplast encompasses the cell's organelles within the cell wall, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and vacuole.
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Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell.
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Cytoplasm is the semifluid substance between the nuclear membrane and cell membrane containing the ER, ribosomes, and other organelles.
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transport.
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Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface.
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Smooth ER lacks ribosomes.
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Ribosomes synthesize proteins, found either attached to the rough ER or free in the cytoplasm.
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Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body) processes, packages, and distributes molecules, primarily proteins, synthesized by the cell. It also synthesizes polysaccharides for the cell wall.
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Nucleus is a prominent organelle containing DNA and associated proteins responsible for the genetic information of the cell. It controls cell function, differentiation, and reproduction.
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Mitochondria are smaller than plastids and are enclosed by a double membrane. They are responsible for respiration and ATP production.
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Chromosomes are long lengths of DNA that carry the genetic code. They replicate during cell division, ensuring genetic continuity to daughter cells.
Organelle Function
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Cytoplasm Location for enzyme and protein synthesis, anaerobic respiration reactions.
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Nucleus Contains DNA which carries genetic code for enzymes and proteins involved in reactions like photosynthesis and respiration.
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Cell membrane Allows gases and water to diffuse freely into and out of the cell, regulates other molecule transport.
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Mitochondria Contains enzymes for aerobic respiration (animals, plants, and yeast).
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Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis, joining amino acids to form proteins.
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Chloroplasts Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light for photosynthesis, and enzymes needed for the process.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the structure and function of plant cells with this quiz. Explore key components such as chloroplasts, vacuoles, and the unique characteristics of eukaryotic plant cells. Understand the roles of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in the plant kingdom.
