Plant Cell Structure Quiz

Plant Cell Structure

• Plant cells are the fundamental units of plants, responsible for life processes.

• Prokaryotic cells are simple with no membrane-bound nucleus, found in bacteria and algae.

• Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria, plastids, and vacuoles. Plant cells are eukaryotic.

• Cell wall is a rigid structure that provides support and protection, unique to plant cells.

• Central vacuole is a large, fluid-filled sac storing water, nutrients, and waste, unique to plant cells.

• Chloroplasts are organelles responsible for photosynthesis, using sunlight to produce sugar for the plant.

• Chromoplasts store pigments that give flowers and fruits their orange and yellow colors.

• Leucoplasts lack pigments and are responsible for storing starch, lipids, and proteins.

• Protoplast encompasses the cell's organelles within the cell wall, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and vacuole.

• Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell.

• Cytoplasm is the semifluid substance between the nuclear membrane and cell membrane containing the ER, ribosomes, and other organelles.

• Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes involved in protein and lipid synthesis and transport.

• Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface.

• Smooth ER lacks ribosomes.

• Ribosomes synthesize proteins, found either attached to the rough ER or free in the cytoplasm.

• Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body) processes, packages, and distributes molecules, primarily proteins, synthesized by the cell. It also synthesizes polysaccharides for the cell wall.

• Nucleus is a prominent organelle containing DNA and associated proteins responsible for the genetic information of the cell. It controls cell function, differentiation, and reproduction.

• Mitochondria are smaller than plastids and are enclosed by a double membrane. They are responsible for respiration and ATP production.

• Chromosomes are long lengths of DNA that carry the genetic code. They replicate during cell division, ensuring genetic continuity to daughter cells.

Organelle Function

• Cytoplasm Location for enzyme and protein synthesis, anaerobic respiration reactions.

• Nucleus Contains DNA which carries genetic code for enzymes and proteins involved in reactions like photosynthesis and respiration.

• Cell membrane Allows gases and water to diffuse freely into and out of the cell, regulates other molecule transport.

• Mitochondria Contains enzymes for aerobic respiration (animals, plants, and yeast).

• Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis, joining amino acids to form proteins.

• Chloroplasts Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light for photosynthesis, and enzymes needed for the process.