Plant Cell Structure and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What are the hollow cylinders composed of tubulin in plant cells called?

  • Actin filaments
  • Protofilaments
  • Microfilaments
  • Microtubules (correct)

    • What is the diameter of microfilaments in plant cells?

  • 10 nm
  • 7 nm (correct)
  • 25 nm
  • 20 nm

    • Which protein is a key component of microfilaments?

  • Collagen
  • Keratin
  • Actin (correct)
  • Myosin

    • What structure encloses all cells and separates the cytoplasm from the external environment?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the movement of lipid and protein molecules within the membrane?

    <p>Lateral diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Provide strength and maintain turgidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance is NOT found in plant cell walls?

    <p>Chitin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?

    <p>Presence of a cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

    <p>Storing and replicating chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure within the nucleus is involved in ribosome synthesis?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occupies about 8% of the surface area of the nuclear membrane?

    <p>Nuclear pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomal proteins synthesized before entering the nucleus?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of cell walls found in plant cells?

    <p>Primary and secondary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic that distinguishes plant cells from other types of cells?

    <p>Cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of parenchyma cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis and storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plant cell provides support to growing parts of the plant?

    <p>Collenchyma cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plant cell mainly transports water and nutrients throughout the plant?

    <p>Xylem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of plant cells?

    <p>Protein synthesis in the prokaryotic nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sclerenchyma cells in plants?

    <p>Support in non-growing parts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central vacuole's primary function in plant cells?

    <p>Storage and maintaining turgor pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure within chloroplasts contains chlorophyll and captures light energy?

    <p>Thylakoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about vacuoles in plant cells is true?

    <p>Vacuoles can store substances like waste and pigments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much of a plant cell's volume can the central vacuole occupy?

    <p>30-80 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a hypotonic solution have on plant cells?

    <p>It promotes high turgidity in cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Protection and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in mitochondria is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?

    <p>Cristae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the mitochondrial DNA?

    <p>Histones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to plants when turgor pressure decreases?

    <p>They begin to wilt.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the inner membrane of mitochondria?

    <p>Convoluted with cristae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary shape of chloroplasts?

    <p>Oval-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the cytoskeleton play in a cell?

    <p>Maintaining cell shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found within the mitochondrial matrix?

    <p>Enzymes of Krebs cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?

    <p>They originated from separate endosymbiotic events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the cytosol?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cytosol?

    <p>Translation of mRNA into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid synthesis?

    <p>Smooth ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Golgi apparatus relate to the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>It processes and transports substances produced in the ER.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are vesicles formed from the Golgi apparatus primarily used for?

    <p>Transporting and discharging substances within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does tRNA play in protein synthesis?

    <p>It translates the nucleotide sequence of mRNA into amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the rough endoplasmic reticulum primarily involved?

    <p>Synthesis of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the trans face from the cis face of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>The cis face receives substances from the endoplasmic reticulum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure is known for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plant Cell Definition

    • Plants are multicellular organisms made of specialized cells
    • Plant cells are eukaryotic
    • Plant cells have a true nucleus and specialized organelles
    • Plant cells are different from animal, fungal, and protist cells by their cell walls, chloroplasts, and central vacuoles.

    Plant Cell Functions

    • Plant cells carry out functions necessary for survival
    • Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts (making food from light energy, CO2, and water)
    • ATP (energy molecule) is produced via cellular respiration in mitochondria
    • Five types of plant cells exist, each with specific roles:
      • Parenchyma: Main cells in leaves, involved in photosynthesis and respiration, storing starches and proteins, and wound repair
      • Collenchyma: Support growing plant parts with thick cell walls
      • Sclerenchyma: Support plant parts that have stopped growing through thick, dead cell walls
      • Xylem: Transports water and nutrients throughout the plant
      • Phloem: Transports sugars made during photosynthesis to all plant parts

    Plant Cell Structure

    • Plant cells have many parts, each with a specific role called organelles
    • Each plant cell part has a specialized function

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    Description

    This quiz explores the structure and functions of plant cells, highlighting their unique features and roles in plant life. Learn about the different types of plant cells, their specific functions, and the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. Perfect for students studying biology or plant sciences.

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