Plant Breeding Goals and Types

Study Notes

Conventional breeding: uses traditional techniques such as selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding
Genetic engineering: uses biotechnology to introduce specific genes into a plant's genome
Marker-assisted breeding: uses genetic markers to identify and select for desired traits

Selection: identifying and selecting plants with desirable traits
Cross-pollination: breeding plants with different traits to combine their characteristics
Hybridization: crossing two inbred lines to produce an offspring with improved traits
Backcrossing: breeding a hybrid with one of its parents to introduce a specific trait
Stabilization: breeding to fix the desired traits and eliminate unwanted ones
Testing and evaluation: assessing the performance of new varieties in different environments

Line breeding: breeding within a specific line or variety to improve its characteristics
Pedigree breeding: breeding using a specific pedigree or family tree to select for desirable traits
Mutation breeding: using chemicals or radiation to induce mutations and select for desirable traits
Doubled haploid breeding: using genetics to produce homozygous plants with desired traits

Crop improvement: developing new crop varieties with improved yield, quality, and disease resistance
Food security: increasing crop production and availability to meet global food demands
Sustainable agriculture: developing crops that are more resilient to environmental stresses and require fewer inputs
Ornamental breeding: developing new varieties of ornamental plants with improved characteristics

Uses traditional techniques such as selection, hybridization, and mutation breeding

Selection involves identifying and selecting plants with desirable traits
Cross-pollination involves breeding plants with different traits to combine their characteristics
Hybridization involves crossing two inbred lines to produce an offspring with improved traits
Backcrossing involves breeding a hybrid with one of its parents to introduce a specific trait
Stabilization involves breeding to fix the desired traits and eliminate unwanted ones
Testing and evaluation involves assessing the performance of new varieties in different environments

Line breeding involves breeding within a specific line or variety to improve its characteristics
Pedigree breeding involves breeding using a specific pedigree or family tree to select for desirable traits
Mutation breeding involves using chemicals or radiation to induce mutations and select for desirable traits
Doubled haploid breeding involves using genetics to produce homozygous plants with desired traits

Crop improvement involves developing new crop varieties with improved yield, quality, and disease resistance
Food security involves increasing crop production and availability to meet global food demands
Sustainable agriculture involves developing crops that are more resilient to environmental stresses and require fewer inputs
Ornamental breeding involves developing new varieties of ornamental plants with improved characteristics