Plant Breeding Concepts and Techniques

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What is mass selection primarily based on?

Observable characteristics (correct)

Genetic markers

Controlled breeding conditions

Plant gene sequencing

Which of the following is a disadvantage of mass selection?

It requires complex genetic analysis.

It randomly selects parents.

It allows for controlled breeding.

Success relies on initial population variation. (correct)

What role does heterozygosity play in cross-pollinated crops?

It enhances seed size.

It ensures uniformity among plants.

It promotes fruit coloration.

It is crucial for maintaining vigor. (correct)

Which of the following statements about mass selection is true?

It is a simple and inexpensive method of selection. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of cross-pollinated crops?

They rely on wind or insects for reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

What is pleiotropism in plant genetics?

A condition where a single gene affects multiple traits. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of pure lines in plant breeding?

They consist of individuals with a uniform genetic makeup. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes male sterility in plant breeding?

It simplifies hybrid production by eliminating the need for emasculation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method used in ear-to-row selection?

Visual observations to identify desirable traits. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'clone' refer to in plant breeding?

A group of genetically identical organisms from a single ancestor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main issue identified with the image?

The image has poor lighting. Signup and view all the answers

What does OCR stand for in the context of image transcription?

Optical Character Recognition Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the text being poorly lit and blurry?

Only some text is transcribable. Signup and view all the answers

What action is suggested to improve the situation with the image?

Provide a clearer image. Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome of trying to transcribe text from a blurry image?

Results that may be incorrect or incomplete. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary objective of plant breeding?

To introduce permanent genetic modifications in plants Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe plants that have only one sex?

Dioecious Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an objective of plant breeding?

Creation of more difficult growing conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of self-incompatibility?

Self-pollination fails while cross-pollination succeeds Signup and view all the answers

What does the objective of improved tolerance to abiotic stress involve?

Creating varieties resistant to extreme temperatures and drought Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition called when an organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes?

Polyploidy Signup and view all the answers

Which objective focuses on enhancing the economic returns from crops?

Higher net income Signup and view all the answers

What type of polyploidy arises from the doubling of chromosome number within the same species?

Auto-polyploidy Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is targeted by improving disease resistance in plant breeding?

Enhance the plants' ability to withstand diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plants often require both male and female for commercial production?

Hops Signup and view all the answers

What was the initial approach to plant breeding?

An artistic process of selection Signup and view all the answers

What does the Dominance Hypothesis imply about recessive traits?

They are masked by dominant traits in heterozygotes Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT an objective of plant breeding?

Improving animal husbandry Signup and view all the answers

What does the Overdominance Hypothesis suggest about heterozygous conditions?

They can be preferable due to combined beneficial effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a goal of improving yield quality in plant breeding?

Enhancing disease resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT typically associated with plant breeding?

Cultivation without selection Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of breeding programs to consider for meeting consumer needs?

Storage and transportability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples of plant breeding is mentioned in the document?

Hybrid 64 Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested about the content visible in the image?

It is likely related to complex anatomical or medical topics. Signup and view all the answers

What limitation is mentioned regarding the image?

The precise meaning is difficult to determine due to low resolution and blurring. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the probable discussion in the image?

A complex physiological concept, possibly anatomical or medical. Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about the instrument discussed in the content?

More context is needed to understand the instrument being referred to. Signup and view all the answers

What problem arises from the image's quality?

The low resolution obscures the precise meaning. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of genetic improvement in plant breeding?

Improving genetic traits such as yield and disease resistance Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism helps prevent self-pollination in plants?

Heterostyly Signup and view all the answers

Why is repeated cross-breeding important in plant breeding?

To achieve desired traits in new generations Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of developing disease-resistant plant varieties?

Increasing labor costs in farming Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of developing early-maturing varieties in plant breeding?

To meet the demands of fast-growing markets Signup and view all the answers

What role does male-sterility play in plant cross-pollination?

It prevents self-pollination by making pollen ineffective Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is essential for developing high yield varieties?

Resistance to extreme weather conditions Signup and view all the answers

What can be accomplished by extending crops to new areas?

Enhanced genetic diversity in agriculture Signup and view all the answers

Which gene pool includes species able to produce fertile offspring through hybridization?

Primary Gene Pool (GP1) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of synthetic varieties?

Obtained by repeated crossing among different lines Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the bulk method of breeding?

Mixing all individuals in a generation and performing head selection Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a phenomenon where hybrids show increased vigor and yield?

Hybrid Vigor Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pleiotropy in genetics?

One gene affecting multiple traits Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of recurrent selection in plant breeding?

To improve desirable traits while maintaining genetic diversity Signup and view all the answers

Which breeding method involves selecting superior rows of ears in maize?

Ear-row Selection Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of pure line selection?

Limited variability among plants Signup and view all the answers

What does simple recurrent selection primarily focus on?

Rapidly fixing genes within a line Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe a genetically identical copy of a plant?

Clone Signup and view all the answers

Why can simple recurrent selection lead to limitations?

It leads to rapid gene fixation with limited recombination Signup and view all the answers

How does the backcross method operate in plant breeding?

By crossing a superior line with another parent to preserve useful traits Signup and view all the answers

Which trait should be prioritized when using recurrent selection?

Traits with high heritability Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of genetic diversity is important in recurrent selection?

It should be maintained to ensure ongoing trait improvements Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of utilizing different forms of recurrent selection?

It allows for continued enhancements while preserving genetic variability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method mentioned for recurrent selection?

Random selection Signup and view all the answers