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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of an ovule after fertilization?
What is the primary function of an ovule after fertilization?
- To produce a seed
- To form a zygote (correct)
- To support the stigma
- To assist in pollen tube growth
Which of the following cells is NOT part of the female gametophyte structure?
Which of the following cells is NOT part of the female gametophyte structure?
- Synergid cells
- Antipodal cells
- Egg cell
- Male gamete (correct)
What occurs during meiosis in ovule formation?
What occurs during meiosis in ovule formation?
- Only one megaspore undergoes mitosis
- The chromosome number is halved (correct)
- The chromosome number doubles
- Four diploid megaspores are produced
Which cell in the female gametophyte is believed to have an unknown function?
Which cell in the female gametophyte is believed to have an unknown function?
Where are ovules located within a flower?
Where are ovules located within a flower?
What is formed when a zygote develops?
What is formed when a zygote develops?
What does the seed contain besides the plant embryo?
What does the seed contain besides the plant embryo?
Which process leads to the formation of four haploid megaspores?
Which process leads to the formation of four haploid megaspores?
What occurs during double fertilization in angiosperms?
What occurs during double fertilization in angiosperms?
Which structure develops into a protective layer around the embryo and endosperm?
Which structure develops into a protective layer around the embryo and endosperm?
What is a key characteristic of albuminous seeds?
What is a key characteristic of albuminous seeds?
Which part of a seed is responsible for developing into the plant?
Which part of a seed is responsible for developing into the plant?
Which of the following is an example of a dicotyledonous seed?
Which of the following is an example of a dicotyledonous seed?
What is the function of the endosperm in a seed?
What is the function of the endosperm in a seed?
Which process involves the transfer of pollen from one flower to another?
Which process involves the transfer of pollen from one flower to another?
In what type of germination do seeds like peas and beans store nutrients in their cotyledons?
In what type of germination do seeds like peas and beans store nutrients in their cotyledons?
What is the primary role of seeds in the life cycle of a plant?
What is the primary role of seeds in the life cycle of a plant?
Which condition is essential for the germination process of seeds?
Which condition is essential for the germination process of seeds?
What is the first stage of seed germination called?
What is the first stage of seed germination called?
What role does temperature play in seed germination?
What role does temperature play in seed germination?
Which factor does NOT affect seed germination?
Which factor does NOT affect seed germination?
What is dormancy in seeds primarily for?
What is dormancy in seeds primarily for?
Which of the following describes the role of the seed coat?
Which of the following describes the role of the seed coat?
Which stage in germination involves the seed straightening out after emerging from the soil?
Which stage in germination involves the seed straightening out after emerging from the soil?
Flashcards
Double Fertilization
Double Fertilization
A process unique to angiosperms involving two fertilization events. One sperm fertilizes the egg (forming a zygote), and the other sperm combines with polar nuclei (forming endosperm).
Angiosperm Seeds
Angiosperm Seeds
Seeds produced by flowering plants (angiosperms).
Monocot Seed
Monocot Seed
A seed with one embryonic leaf or cotyledon.
Dicot Seed
Dicot Seed
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Seed Endosperm
Seed Endosperm
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Seed Embryo
Seed Embryo
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Seed Dispersal
Seed Dispersal
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Seed Coat
Seed Coat
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Seed definition
Seed definition
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Ovule definition
Ovule definition
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Ovule formation
Ovule formation
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Seed formation process
Seed formation process
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Embryo formation
Embryo formation
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Ovule structure
Ovule structure
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Ovule location
Ovule location
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Function of ovule
Function of ovule
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Seed Germination
Seed Germination
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Seed Dormancy
Seed Dormancy
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Imbibition
Imbibition
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Radicle
Radicle
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Food Reserve (Endosperm)
Food Reserve (Endosperm)
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Conditions for Germination
Conditions for Germination
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Plant Reproduction
Plant Reproduction
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Study Notes
Seed Definition
- A seed is a fertilized ovule containing an embryo and a food reserve.
- It is a mature, fertilized, integumented ovule.
Ovule Formation
- Ovules are female reproductive structures in plants, crucial for seed production and the plant life cycle.
- Ovules develop from specialized megaspore mother cells which undergo meiosis.
- Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half, producing four haploid megaspores.
- Typically, one megaspore survives and undergoes three mitotic divisions forming the embryo sac.
- The embryo sac contains an egg cell and other cells involved in fertilization.
Ovule Structure
- The female gametophyte consists of seven cells.
- Egg cell: Fuses with pollen to form a zygote.
- Synergid cells: Assist in pollen tube growth and fertilization.
- Antipodal cells: Function unknown.
- Central cell: Contains two polar nuclei.
- Ovules are found within the flower's ovary.
Embryo Formation
- Fertilization involves a pollen grain landing on the stigma, developing a pollen tube, and the male gamete fusing with the egg cell.
- The fertilized egg (zygote) develops into an embryo, a miniature plant within the seed.
- Specialized tissues form the seed coat and endosperm, providing nutrients for the embryo.
Seed Formation
- Pollination is the transfer of pollen to the stigma.
- Fertilization occurs when the pollen tube reaches the ovule and the male gametes fuse with the female gametes.
- The ovule develops into a seed.
- The ovary develops into the fruit enclosing the seeds.
Seed Germination
- Seeds start to grow into a new plant following a period of dormancy.
- Imbibition: Intake of water
- Epicotyl or Hypocotyl emergence: Different germination types.
- Factors affecting germination include seed quality, soil conditions, and competition.
Types of seeds
- Based on Structure: Monocots (one cotyledon) and dicots (two cotyledons).
- Based on Germination Patterns: Albuminous seeds (endosperm present), and exalbuminous seeds (no endosperm).
- Importance of Seeds: Reproduction, dispersal, and food source for animals and humans.
Factors Affecting Germination
- Seed quality (viability and dormancy).
- Soil conditions (moisture, pH, nutrients)
- Competition (presence of other plants).
Seed Structure
- A typical seed consists of the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat.
Types of Germination
- Epigeal: Cotyledons are raised above the ground surface.
- Hypogeal: Cotyledons remain beneath the ground.
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Description
This quiz covers the definitions and structures of seeds and ovules, their formation, and the processes involved in fertilization and embryo development in plants. Test your understanding of these vital components of the plant life cycle.
