Plant Biology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which part of the plant primarily functions as the site for photosynthesis?

Stems

Flowers

Leaves (correct)

Roots

What is a defining characteristic of dicot seeds?

Have a higher moisture requirement

Contain two cotyledons (correct)

Have one cotyledon

Depend solely on light for germination

Which factor is NOT listed as affecting seed germination?

Nitrogen (correct)

Moisture

Light

Temperature

Which type of germination involves the seed coat breaking and the root emerging first?

Hypogeal Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the stem in a plant?

Supports leaves, flowers, and fruits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a seed in higher plants?

To initiate the growth of a new generation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of dicot seeds?

Dicots are characterized by two cotyledons and the presence of a hypocotyl. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT influence the germination of seeds?

Type of seed coating Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes monocot seeds from dicot seeds?

Monocots have one cotyledon, while dicots have two. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of germination involves the seed's cotyledons remaining below the soil surface?

Hypogeal germination Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of woody stems?

They contain secondary xylem and are hard textured. Signup and view all the answers

What function does the endodermis serve in a plant's root system?

It stores starch and allows solutions to pass to the cortex. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes tendril stems?

Thin, thread-like stems used for support and climbing. Signup and view all the answers

What role do vascular bundles play in plant transport systems?

They enable the transport of water, ions, and organic food throughout the plant. Signup and view all the answers

What is an adaptation of succulent stems?

They store excess water in thick, fleshy structures. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of a taproot system?

It features one main root from which smaller branch roots emerge. Signup and view all the answers

In what way can taproots be modified?

To store carbohydrates, such as in carrots. Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of adventitious roots?

They can develop from various plant organs including stems. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of root modification aids in climbing?

Climbing root Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a function of roots?

Transmitting signals to leaves Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes herbaceous stems?

They die at the end of the growing season. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of stems?

Transporting water and nutrients to leaves and roots. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about fibrous roots is correct?

They exhibit a similar size and width among roots. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leaf shapes is NOT classified under simple leaves?

Palmate Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the calyx in a flower?

To protect the flower bud Signup and view all the answers

Which type of leaf vein pattern is characterized by veins running parallel to each other?

Parallel veined Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the flower is responsible for male reproductive functions?

Stamen Signup and view all the answers

In a compound leaf, which characteristic differentiates it from a simple leaf?

Divided leaf blades Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following leaf arrangements on the stem is defined as having leaves originating from different levels on alternating sides?

Alternate Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a petiolate leaf from a sessile leaf?

Connection to the stem Signup and view all the answers

Which function is NOT associated with leaves in general?

Absorption of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the flower is responsible for producing pollen?

Anther Signup and view all the answers

What structure in the gynoecium is designed to pick up pollen?

Stigma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of xerophytes?

Waxy cuticle Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to flowers with petals that are not joined together?

Polypetalous Signup and view all the answers

In terms of floral symmetry, which type of flower exhibits bilateral symmetry?

Zygomorphic Signup and view all the answers

What role does the ovary play in the gynoecium?

It contains fertilized ovules Signup and view all the answers

Which plant type is adapted to grow in a water habitat?

Hydrophytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of adaptations in plants?

To enable survival in specific habitats Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

First Practical Lecture (General Botany BIO 241)

Seeds and Seed Germination is the topic
The lecture outline includes: function of plant parts, seed classification, seed structure, and seed germination.
Parts of a plant include: roots, stem, leaves, flower.
Leaves are the food factory and primary site of photosynthesis
Roots hold the plant in the ground and absorb water and minerals.
Stems support leaves, flowers, and fruits, and carry water, minerals, and sugars to leaves and roots.
Flowers produce seeds, which develop into new plants.

Seed Classification

Dicot seeds have two cotyledons (e.g., Garden beans, soybeans, cowpeas).
Monocot seeds have one cotyledon (e.g., wheat, rice).

Seed Structure

All seeds contain an embryo (radicle, plumule, cotyledons).
Monocots have a non-endospermic seed type.
Dicots have an endosperm seed type.
Monocots have a coleoptile and dicots have a seed coat, cotyledon, plumule (shoot), hypocotyl, and radicle (root).

Factors Affecting Seed Germination

Moisture
Temperature
Light
Oxygen

Types of Germination

Hypogeal: cotyledons remain below the ground.
Epigeal: cotyledons are lifted above the ground.

Steps of Germination

Seed coat breaks
Radicle becomes root
Hypocotyl and epicotyl become stem
First leaves grow, enabling photosynthesis

Questions

Seeds need moisture, temperature, oxygen, and light to germinate.
There are two types of germination: hypogeal and epigeal.
Species with one cotyledon are called monocots.
Species with two cotyledons are called dicots.
A diagram needs to be drawn and labeled showing the internal structure of seeds.

Seed Definition

A seed is a fertilized egg from the ovary, the basis of reproduction in higher plants, and the start of the life of a new generation.
A seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, typically containing stored food.

T.S of Dicot and Monocot

Dicots have 2 cotyledons, monocots have 1.
Dicot roots have an epidermis, cortex, endodermis, vascular cylinder, and pith.
Monocot roots have vascular bundles scattered in ground tissue.

Endodermis Function

The endodermis cells store starch
It allows the movement of solutions from vascular bundles to the cortex.

Pericycle Function

It provides protection to vascular bundles.

Functions of the Vascular Bundles

Xylem transports water and dissolved ions from the root system to the leaves.
Phloem transports organic food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
Cambium divides to create new xylem and phloem cells.

Pith Function

Pith cells store water and starch.
They allow for gas exchange through intercellular air spaces.

T.S. of Dicot Stem

A cross-section of a dicot stem shows xylem, phloem, and cortex.

T.S. of Monocot Stem

A cross-section of a monocot stem shows vascular bundles scattered throughout ground tissue.

T.S. of Dicot and Monocot Leaf

Dicot leaves have a network of veins while monocot leaves display parallel veins.
The structure of a dicot leaf includes upper and lower epidermis, mesophyll, and vascular bundles.

Differences Between Monocot and Dicot Plants

Monocots have one cotyledon, and dicots have two.
Monocot leaf veins are parallel, while dicot leaf veins are net-like.
The arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem are different between monocots and dicots.

Leaf Structure

Leaf parts include blade, petiole, and stipules.
Leaves are primarily for photosynthesis.
Different types of leaves exist, based on shape, veins, edge of the leaf.

Adaptations of Plants

Adaptations are special features that help a plant survive in a particular habitat.
Adaptations can relate to feeding, protection, movement, or reproduction.

Adaptations of Plants (Xerophytes, Mesophytes, Hydrophytes)

Xerophytes (dry habitats) have waxy cuticles, small leaves, trichomes, or spines. 
Mesophytes (medium moisture) have moderate adaptations. 
Hydrophytes (water habitats) have flexible leaves and stems, and large air spaces.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the various functions of plant structures, the characteristics of seeds, and the processes involved in photosynthesis and germination. This quiz covers essential concepts related to plant biology and their adaptations. Perfect for students and enthusiasts alike!