Plant Biology Quiz: Angiosperms and Algae

A system of classification that focuses on evolutionary relationships between organisms.

A system of classification that uses computer analysis to assign numerical values to characteristics.

A classification system that focuses on features related to chromosomes, such as their structure and behavior.

A classification system that uses the chemical constituents of plants to identify and categorize them.

A group of simple plants that lack differentiated tissues and have single-celled reproductive organs called gametangia.

The plant body of algae, which can range from single cells to complex filaments or tissues.

The process of asexual reproduction in algae, where the organism releases motile spores.

A type of sexual reproduction in algae where gametes of similar size fuse together.

A group of simple, non-vascular plants that require moist environments for reproduction.

Asexual reproduction in liverworts involving specialized structures called gemmae.

The dominant phase in bryophytes, responsible for producing gametes.

A specialized structure used by bryophytes for absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.

The male sex organ in bryophytes, producing sperm cells.

The female sex organ in bryophytes, producing egg cells.

The stage in moss development that occurs after the spore germinates.

The upright, leafy stage of moss that develops from the protonema.

Seedless vascular plants with distinct stem, roots, and leaves. They reproduce via spores. They are heterosporous and possess strobili, which are compact, cone-like structures containing sporangia.

Gymnosperms are known for their naked seeds, meaning the ovules are not enclosed within an ovary.

These plants have ovules that are enclosed within an ovary. They produce flowers and fruits, and their seeds are enclosed within the fruit.

The male reproductive part of a flower. It consists of a filament that supports an anther, which produces pollen grains.

The female reproductive part of a flower, composed of a stigma, style, and ovary. The ovary contains one or more ovules.

A highly reduced female gametophyte located within the ovule of flowering plants.

The sporophyte produces spores that germinate into a small, independent gametophyte. The gametophyte produces gametes, which fuse to form a zygote.

These are leaves that bear sporangia, the structures responsible for producing spores.

The process where the male gamete fuses with the egg cell to form the embryo. This is one of the two fertilization events that occur in angiosperms, hence the name 'double fertilization'.

Angiosperms, also known as flowering plants, have a unique feature called double fertilization. It involves two fusion events: syngamy and triple fusion. Syngamy occurs when a male gamete (from pollen grain) fuses with the egg cell to form a diploid zygote, which eventually develops into the embryo.

This process occurs when the other male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac. This fusion forms a triploid cell, which later develops into the endosperm, a nutritive tissue that nourishes the developing embryo.

The fusion of two polar nuclei inside the embryo sac, forming a diploid secondary nucleus.

In angiosperms, the life cycle involves an alternation of generations: a diploid sporophyte phase (the plant we see) and a haploid gametophyte phase (represented by the pollen and embryo sac).