Plant Biology Quiz: Angiosperms and Algae

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Questions and Answers

What type of root system is characteristic of Dicotyledons?

Fibrous root system

Tap root system (correct)

Adventitious root system

Storage root system

Which of the following is a feature of Monocotyledons?

Reticulate venation

Parallel venation (correct)

Two cotyledons

Open vascular bundles

In angiosperms, double fertilization involves the fusion of one male gamete with which structures?

One egg cell and two polar nuclei (correct)

Two synergids

One egg cell and one polar nucleus

One egg cell and two synergids

Which of the following categories includes plants where the sporophyte is the dominant phase?

Diplontic Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the process of alternation of generations in angiosperms?

The sporophyte phase precedes the gametophyte phase Signup and view all the answers

What type of classification system is currently used for classifying plants based on evolutionary relationships?

Phylogenetic System Signup and view all the answers

Which group of plants is characterized by the absence of seeds?

Cryptogamae Signup and view all the answers

Which reproductive method is NOT characteristic of algae?

Reproduction by budding Signup and view all the answers

Which type of algae is primarily found in freshwater environments?

Chlorophyceae Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reserve food substance in Rhodophyceae?

Floridean starch Signup and view all the answers

Which pigment is present in Phaeophyceae but absent in Chlorophyceae?

Fucoxanthin Signup and view all the answers

What type of life cycle is associated with Spirogyra?

Haplontic Signup and view all the answers

Which type of taxonomy relies on chemical constituents of plants for classification?

Chemotaxonomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of rhizoids in bryophytes?

They anchor the plant to its substrate. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes the gametophyte stage of mosses?

It consists of a protonema stage followed by a leafy stage. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates the sporophyte of liverworts from that of mosses?

Moss sporophytes contain a foot, seta, and capsule. Signup and view all the answers

Which feature accurately describes alginic acid?

It is used as an emulsifying agent and obtained from certain algae. Signup and view all the answers

What type of reproduction occurs in bryophytes?

Both asexual and sexual reproduction. Signup and view all the answers

What role do antheridia play in bryophyte reproduction?

They produce biflagellate antherozoids. Signup and view all the answers

Why are bryophytes referred to as the amphibians of the plant kingdom?

They depend on water for sexual reproduction despite living on land. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes thalloid liverworts from other bryophytes?

Their plant body is dorsiventral and appressed to the substrate. Signup and view all the answers

What structure in Pteridophytes produces spores through meiosis?

Sporangia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the vascular tissue in Pteridophytes?

It is composed only of tracheids. Signup and view all the answers

What type of spores do most Pteridophytes produce?

Homosporous Signup and view all the answers

In Gymnosperms, how are seeds characterized?

Seeds remain naked and exposed. Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary reproductive structures of Gymnosperms?

Strobili Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Angiosperms from Gymnosperms?

Production of flowers and fruits Signup and view all the answers

Which organ contains the male sex gametes in flowering plants?

Stamen Signup and view all the answers

What is the evolutionary significance of the reduction of the female gametophyte in Angiosperms?

It enables the fertilization to occur inside the ovule. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant Kingdom

Eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with chlorophyll and cell walls, grouped under the plant kingdom.
Phylogenetic classification, based on evolutionary relationships, is currently used.
Numerical taxonomy uses computer codes to analyze plant characteristics.
Cytotaxonomy focuses on cytological information, like chromosome numbers and structure.
Chemotaxonomy utilizes chemical compounds to identify plants.

Plant Kingdom Classification

Cryptogamae (plants without seeds):
Thallophyta
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
Phanerogamae (plants with seeds):
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

Algae

Simplest plants, with undifferentiated thallus-like forms and single-celled reproductive organs (gametangia).
Primarily aquatic, but some are found in moist terrestrial habitats.
Lack vascular and mechanical tissues.
Reproduce vegetatively by fragmentation and asexually via spore formation (e.g., zoospores).
Classified into Green, Brown, and Red algae based on their pigments and characteristics.

Bryophytes

Non-vascular plants found in moist, shady habitats.
Called "amphibians of the plant kingdom" due to reliance on water for sexual reproduction.
Live in damp soil, rocks, and walls.
Dominant phase is the free-living gametophyte.
Reproduce asexually by fragmentation, tubers, gemmae, or buds.
Have multicellular, jacketed sex organs (antheridia and archegonia).
Sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte for nourishment.
Examples: Liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and Mosses (Bryopsida).

Pteridophytes

Seedless vascular plants with a dominant sporophytic phase and inconspicuous gametophyte.
Vascular tissues are present but lack vessel elements in xylem.
Sporophytes bear sporangia (often on sporophylls).
Reproduction can be homosporous (similar spores) or heterosporous (different spores).
Examples: Ferns (Filicopsida), Club mosses (Lycopsida), Horsetails (Sphenopsida).

Gymnosperms

Plants in which ovules are not enclosed within an ovary; ovules are exposed before and after fertilization.
Typically perennial and woody, forming shrubs or trees.
Heterosporous, producing microspores (male) and megaspores (female).
Pollen and seeds are exposed, dispersed by wind.
Common examples include pines, cycads, and ginkgoes.

Angiosperms

Seed plants with flowers and fruits, enclosing the seeds.
The flower is a specialized reproductive structure.
Reproduction involves double fertilization.
Classified into Monocots and Dicots based on cotyledon number and other characteristics.
Examples include flowering plants.

Alternation of Generations

Plants' life cycles alternate between haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) phases.
Different plant groups exhibit different patterns of alternation of generations (haploid, diplontic, and haplo-diplontic).

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Description

Test your knowledge on plant biology with this quiz focusing on angiosperms, dicotyledons, and algae. Dive deep into concepts such as root systems, double fertilization, and plant classification. Perfect for students studying botany or plant sciences.