Plant Biology Fundamentals
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Questions and Answers

Plants are the primary ______ of ecosystems, converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.

producers

Plants play a crucial role in ______ production and carbon sequestration.

oxygen

Plants evolved from green ______ around 470 million years ago.

algae

The development of ______ and vascular tissue was a key innovation in plant evolution.

<p>roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the outer protective layer of the stem.

<p>epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stem connects ______ to roots.

<p>leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ______ is the meristematic tissue responsible for secondary growth in the stem.

<p>cambium</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stem is a plant's above-ground structure that connects the ______ to the leaves.

<p>roots</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stem is composed of three main tissues: dermal tissue, ground tissue, and ______ tissue.

<p>vascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

The stem supports the plant's ______, flowers, and fruits.

<p>leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

Succulent stems are thick, ______, and water-storing.

<p>fleshy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thorns are modified stems that provide protection from ______ and harsh environments.

<p>predators</p> Signup and view all the answers

Herbaceous stems are ______, soft, and flexible.

<p>non-woody</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plants in Ecosystems

  • Plants are the primary producers of ecosystems, converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis
  • They provide habitat and food for various organisms, supporting complex food webs
  • Plants play a crucial role in:
    • Oxygen production and carbon sequestration
    • Soil formation and stabilization
    • Water cycling and purification
    • Climate regulation

Plant Evolution

  • Plants evolved from green algae around 470 million years ago
  • Key innovations in plant evolution:
    • Development of roots and vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
    • Evolution of leaves and stomata
    • Origin of flowers and fruits
  • Plant evolution has been shaped by:
    • Natural selection and adaptation to environments
    • Genetic drift and mutation
    • Hybridization and polyploidy

Stem Structure and Function

  • The stem is a supporting structure that connects leaves to roots
  • Stem functions:
    • Transportation of water, nutrients, and sugars (xylem and phloem)
    • Storage of food and water
    • Support for leaves and flowers
    • Production of new growth through meristematic tissue
  • Stem structures:
    • Epidermis: outer protective layer
    • Cortex: inner layer of parenchyma cells
    • Vascular tissue: xylem and phloem
    • Cambium: meristematic tissue responsible for secondary growth

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Description

Test your knowledge of plants in ecosystems, plant evolution, and stem structure and function. Learn about the importance of plants, their evolution, and the key components of stems.

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