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Questions and Answers
Plants are the primary ______ of ecosystems, converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.
Plants are the primary ______ of ecosystems, converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.
producers
Plants play a crucial role in ______ production and carbon sequestration.
Plants play a crucial role in ______ production and carbon sequestration.
oxygen
Plants evolved from green ______ around 470 million years ago.
Plants evolved from green ______ around 470 million years ago.
algae
The development of ______ and vascular tissue was a key innovation in plant evolution.
The development of ______ and vascular tissue was a key innovation in plant evolution.
The ______ is the outer protective layer of the stem.
The ______ is the outer protective layer of the stem.
The stem connects ______ to roots.
The stem connects ______ to roots.
The ______ is the meristematic tissue responsible for secondary growth in the stem.
The ______ is the meristematic tissue responsible for secondary growth in the stem.
The stem is a plant's above-ground structure that connects the ______ to the leaves.
The stem is a plant's above-ground structure that connects the ______ to the leaves.
The stem is composed of three main tissues: dermal tissue, ground tissue, and ______ tissue.
The stem is composed of three main tissues: dermal tissue, ground tissue, and ______ tissue.
The stem supports the plant's ______, flowers, and fruits.
The stem supports the plant's ______, flowers, and fruits.
Succulent stems are thick, ______, and water-storing.
Succulent stems are thick, ______, and water-storing.
Thorns are modified stems that provide protection from ______ and harsh environments.
Thorns are modified stems that provide protection from ______ and harsh environments.
Herbaceous stems are ______, soft, and flexible.
Herbaceous stems are ______, soft, and flexible.
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Study Notes
Plants in Ecosystems
- Plants are the primary producers of ecosystems, converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis
- They provide habitat and food for various organisms, supporting complex food webs
- Plants play a crucial role in:
- Oxygen production and carbon sequestration
- Soil formation and stabilization
- Water cycling and purification
- Climate regulation
Plant Evolution
- Plants evolved from green algae around 470 million years ago
- Key innovations in plant evolution:
- Development of roots and vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
- Evolution of leaves and stomata
- Origin of flowers and fruits
- Plant evolution has been shaped by:
- Natural selection and adaptation to environments
- Genetic drift and mutation
- Hybridization and polyploidy
Stem Structure and Function
- The stem is a supporting structure that connects leaves to roots
- Stem functions:
- Transportation of water, nutrients, and sugars (xylem and phloem)
- Storage of food and water
- Support for leaves and flowers
- Production of new growth through meristematic tissue
- Stem structures:
- Epidermis: outer protective layer
- Cortex: inner layer of parenchyma cells
- Vascular tissue: xylem and phloem
- Cambium: meristematic tissue responsible for secondary growth
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