13 Questions
Plants are the primary ______ of ecosystems, converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis.
producers
Plants play a crucial role in ______ production and carbon sequestration.
oxygen
Plants evolved from green ______ around 470 million years ago.
algae
The development of ______ and vascular tissue was a key innovation in plant evolution.
roots
The ______ is the outer protective layer of the stem.
epidermis
The stem connects ______ to roots.
leaves
The ______ is the meristematic tissue responsible for secondary growth in the stem.
cambium
The stem is a plant's above-ground structure that connects the ______ to the leaves.
roots
The stem is composed of three main tissues: dermal tissue, ground tissue, and ______ tissue.
vascular
The stem supports the plant's ______, flowers, and fruits.
leaves
Succulent stems are thick, ______, and water-storing.
fleshy
Thorns are modified stems that provide protection from ______ and harsh environments.
predators
Herbaceous stems are ______, soft, and flexible.
non-woody
Study Notes
Plants in Ecosystems
- Plants are the primary producers of ecosystems, converting sunlight into energy through photosynthesis
- They provide habitat and food for various organisms, supporting complex food webs
- Plants play a crucial role in:
- Oxygen production and carbon sequestration
- Soil formation and stabilization
- Water cycling and purification
- Climate regulation
Plant Evolution
- Plants evolved from green algae around 470 million years ago
- Key innovations in plant evolution:
- Development of roots and vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
- Evolution of leaves and stomata
- Origin of flowers and fruits
- Plant evolution has been shaped by:
- Natural selection and adaptation to environments
- Genetic drift and mutation
- Hybridization and polyploidy
Stem Structure and Function
- The stem is a supporting structure that connects leaves to roots
- Stem functions:
- Transportation of water, nutrients, and sugars (xylem and phloem)
- Storage of food and water
- Support for leaves and flowers
- Production of new growth through meristematic tissue
- Stem structures:
- Epidermis: outer protective layer
- Cortex: inner layer of parenchyma cells
- Vascular tissue: xylem and phloem
- Cambium: meristematic tissue responsible for secondary growth
Test your knowledge of plants in ecosystems, plant evolution, and stem structure and function. Learn about the importance of plants, their evolution, and the key components of stems.
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