Plant and Animal Tissues Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which structure serves as an extra layer of protection in prokaryotic cells?

Cell Wall (correct)

Fimbriae

Capsule

Cytoplasm

What is the primary function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

DNA replication

Cell division

Protein synthesis (correct)

Energy production

What are pili primarily known for in prokaryotic cells?

Attachment and conjugation (correct)

Photosynthesis

Energy production

Cell metabolism

What component helps bacteria adhere to their environment?

Capsule Signup and view all the answers

In prokaryotic cells, what region contains the genetic material?

Nucleoid region Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is primarily responsible for the growth of plants at the tips of stems?

Apical Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tissues is known for providing flexible support in the human body?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What type of permanent tissue is composed of the same type of cells performing the same function?

Parenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is characterized as the hardest and maintains body shape?

Bone Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is known for storing fats as lipids?

Adipose Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue type contains living cells and is associated with elastic support in plants?

Collenchyma Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue primarily attaches muscles to bones?

Tendon Signup and view all the answers

Which type of meristematic tissue allows for growth at the base of leaves?

Intercalary Signup and view all the answers

What type of fungi are Ascomycetes classified as?

Sac fungi Signup and view all the answers

Which example is NOT associated with Basidiomycetes?

Penicillium notatum Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes transitional epithelial cells?

No exact shape, can appear squamous or cuboidal Signup and view all the answers

Where can simple cuboidal epithelial cells typically be found?

Secreting tissues and kidney tubules Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of pseudostratified epithelial cells?

They appear layered but are a single layer. Signup and view all the answers

Which epithelial cell type is primarily found in the digestive tract?

Simple columnar Signup and view all the answers

What type of infections are associated with Deuteromycetes?

Cutaneous infections Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about stratified squamous epithelial cells is true?

They are found in the skin and lining of the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs to a plant cell when it absorbs water from the soil?

The cell swells and becomes turgid. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solution causes a cell to shrink and become plasmolyzed?

Hypertonic solution Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes osmosis?

It involves the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of molecules pass through the cell membrane more easily?

Lipid-soluble molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of a hypotonic solution?

It has a lower solute concentration than the cell's cytoplasm. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes passive diffusion?

It involves movement from high to low concentration. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to red blood cells placed in a concentrated salt solution?

They lose water and shrivel. Signup and view all the answers

Which situation illustrates an isotonic environment?

Cells in a saline solution with no net movement of water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Sorting, tagging, packaging, and distributing vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes ribosomes?

Sites where proteins are synthesized Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of peroxisomes in a cell?

Producing hydrogen peroxide and carrying out oxidation reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles is part of the endomembrane system?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

How does the vacuole function in a cell?

Stores food and water as well as waste products Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the endomembrane system allows it to function dynamically?

Ability to assemble and disassemble quickly Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the 'Cis face' of the Golgi apparatus?

It serves as the receiving side for transport vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is primarily associated with movement in cells?

Myosin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chromosomes and Cell Structure

Chromosomes are formed with a hydrophilic phosphate head and a hydrophobic fatty acid tail.
The nucleoid region is where prokaryotic DNA is located.
Cytoplasm contains cytosol and organelles; in prokaryotes, everything inside the plasma membrane; in eukaryotes, the area outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane.
Cell walls of prokaryotes are made of peptidoglycan, providing protection.
Capsules are sticky outer layers in bacteria that assist in adhering to environments.
Fimbriae are short, numerous cell protrusions aiding attachment, while pili are longer, less numerous, and specialized.
Ribosomes consist of RNA and proteins; they are the sites of protein synthesis.

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells, from Kingdom Eubacteria and Archaebacteria, lack a nucleus and are classified as single-compartment houses.
Peroxisomes produce hydrogen peroxide and conduct oxidation reactions.
The endomembrane system includes organelles involved in protein transport, packaging, and recycling.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes for breaking down cellular components.

Fungal Groups

Ascomycetes (sac fungi) include species like Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus flavus, known for a form of saprophytosis.
Basidiomycetes have spores in club-shaped structures, with examples like Puccinia graminis and Agaricus campestris.
Transitional epithelial cells have no definite shape and can be squamous, cuboidal, or columnar, as seen in bladder cells.

Epithelial Cells

Epithelial tissues consist of surface cells arranged in single or multiple layers.
Simple squamous epithelium regulates substance passage in places like blood vessels and alveoli.
Simple cuboidal epithelium, found in secreting tissues and kidneys, facilitates absorption and secretion.
Simple columnar epithelium, located in the digestive tract, is often ciliated and involved in protection and mucus secretion.
Stratified squamous epithelium protects surfaces like skin and the lining of the mouth.

Plant Tissues

Meristematic tissue aids in plant growth with apical, intercalary, and lateral types.
Bone tissue is the hardest connective tissue, essential for posture and organ support.
Cartilage provides flexible support, while tendons connect bones.
Adipose tissue stores fats, and areolar tissue supports epithelium and internal organs.

Mitosis Phases

Prophase: 6 chromosomes and 12 chromatids present.
Metaphase: chromosomes align, maintaining 6 chromosomes and 12 chromatids.
Anaphase: chromosomes are pulled apart, resulting in 12 chromosomes and 0 chromatids.
Telophase: 12 chromosomes and 12 chromatids, leading to cell division completion.

Solubility and Tonicity

Solubility is the ability of a molecule to dissolve in a solvent, particularly in cell membranes' lipid bilayer.
Molecules more soluble in the lipid bilayer diffuse easily; water-soluble molecules need transport proteins.
Exosmosis occurs when water moves out of a cell in a hypertonic solution, leading to cell shrinkage.
Isotonic solutions maintain cell size, while hypotonic solutions cause water influx, potentially leading to cell bursting in animal cells.
Aquatic plants thrive in freshwater due to their capacity to handle hypotonic environments, becoming turgid without bursting.

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Description

This quiz explores the functions and classifications of meristematic tissue in plants and the types of connective tissues such as bones and cartilage in animals. Test your knowledge on tissue types and their roles in growth and support. Ideal for students studying botany and biology.