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Questions and Answers
Xylem is composed of four cell types, including ______.
phloem
The ______ is the outer covering of the plant.
epidermis
The protective layer that forms in older stems and roots is called ______.
periderm
Meristems are responsible for ______, which leads to plant growth.
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The ______ tissues include xylem and phloem, which are essential for transport within the plant.
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The outer layer of cells on leaves, which can include guard cells, is part of the ______.
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The ______ meristems are responsible for secondary growth in plants.
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Secretory structures mostly occur in ______ and stems.
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Cells located at the growing tip of Pinus are specialized for cell ______ and division.
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These 'stone cells' provide ______ in a coconut shell and therefore protect the seed.
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All cells contain at least some ______, which are important for various cellular functions.
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The protoplasm of a single cell is called its ______.
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In vascular tissue, ______ is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots.
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Plant ______ serves as a protective layer and often regulates gas exchange.
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Through ______, plants reproduce by creating seeds from fertilized ovules.
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Plant tissues are divided into three types: ______, ground, and vascular tissues.
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The individual cells of multicellular organisms are arranged into groups that function collectively as _____.
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The flowering plants are classified as the division _____.
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The main parts of seeds are common to both _____ and monocots.
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Sexual reproduction of flowering plants occurs when the male sperm in the pollen unites with the female _____.
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Meristematic tissues are groups of young cells that are capable of _____ and are typically small.
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Vascular tissues include _____ and phloem, which are essential for transporting nutrients and water.
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Most epiphytic orchids resist temporary drying because their shoots have a thick _____ composed of cutin and wax.
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Parenchymal cells are one type of simple _____ tissue found in plants.
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Study Notes
Xylem
- Composed of four cell types: tracheids, vessel elements, parenchyma, and fibers
- Functions in the transport of water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant
Phloem
- Complex permanent tissue
- Composed of sieve tube elements, companion cells, parenchyma, and fibers
- Functions in the transport of sugars and other organic compounds throughout the plant
Epidermis
- Outer covering of the plant
- Composed of epidermal cells, guard cells, and trichomes
- Functions in protection, gas exchange, and water regulation
Periderm
- Protective layer that forms in older stems and roots
- Secondary tissue
- Composed of phellem, cork cambium, and phelloderm
Secretory Tissue
- Produces and secretes materials
- Found mostly in leaves and stems
- Examples include glandular hairs and laticifers
Meristems
- Responsible for plant growth
- Composed of actively dividing cells
Root and Shoot Meristems
- Responsible for primary growth
- Found at the tips of roots and shoots
Primary Meristems
- Responsible for the development of primary tissues
- Include protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium
Secondary Meristems
- Responsible for secondary growth
- Include vascular cambium and cork cambium
M Phase
- Duplication division
- Includes mitosis and cytokinesis
Topic 10 – Plant Tissue, Organs, and Primary Growth
- The body of an herb consists of roots, stems, and leaves
- Plants can exhibit variations in structure and growth patterns depending on their environment and adaptations
Topic 11 – Sexual Reproduction
- Flowering plants reproduce sexually through the union of sperm and egg
- Pollination and fertilization are essential steps in this process
The Seed
- A living entity that bridges generations of a plant
- Contains the embryo, endosperm, and seed coat
Plant Structure and Functions
- Flowering plants are classified as angiosperms
- Angiosperms exhibit a wide range of adaptations and structural diversity
Plant Tissues
- Groups of cells that function collectively
- Provide structural support, transport, and protection
Meristematic or Embryonic Tissues
- Composed of actively dividing cells
- Responsible for plant growth
Permanent Tissues
- Composed of mature cells that have lost the ability to divide
- Specialized for specific functions
Kinds of Simple Permanent Tissues
- Parenchyma: Involved in storage, photosynthesis, and secretion
- Collenchyma: Provides support and flexibility
- Sclerenchyma: Provides strength and rigidity
Cell Structure and Function
- Cells are the basic units of life
- Composed of cytoplasm, a nucleus, and various organelles
- Specialized for different tasks, contributing to the overall function of the organism
- Membranes play essential roles in cell metabolism and communication
- The cell cycle involves growth, division, and specialization
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of plants, focusing on key tissues such as xylem, phloem, epidermis, and meristems. This quiz will cover the functions and compositions of various plant tissues and their roles in plant growth and development.
