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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are parts of the shoot system in flowering plants? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are parts of the shoot system in flowering plants? (Select all that apply)
What is the primary function of the root system in plants?
What is the primary function of the root system in plants?
Absorb water and minerals
Meristematic tissue is made up of mature cells that have stopped dividing.
Meristematic tissue is made up of mature cells that have stopped dividing.
False
What is the primary function of permanent tissue in plants?
What is the primary function of permanent tissue in plants?
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Which type of meristematic tissue is responsible for increasing the length of stems and roots?
Which type of meristematic tissue is responsible for increasing the length of stems and roots?
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The protoderm is the type of meristematic tissue that forms the epidermis.
The protoderm is the type of meristematic tissue that forms the epidermis.
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What is the main function of parenchyma tissue in plants?
What is the main function of parenchyma tissue in plants?
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Collenchyma tissue provides primary support for woody plants.
Collenchyma tissue provides primary support for woody plants.
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What is the primary function of sclerenchyma tissue in plants?
What is the primary function of sclerenchyma tissue in plants?
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Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Xylem is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
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Phloem is responsible for transporting organic compounds from sites of photosynthesis to the rest of the plant.
Phloem is responsible for transporting organic compounds from sites of photosynthesis to the rest of the plant.
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Study Notes
Plant Body
- Flowering plants have two main systems: the shoot system (leaves, stem, flowers, fruits) and the root system (which absorbs water and minerals).
- The shoot system grows above ground, absorbing light for photosynthesis; the root system is typically underground.
Plant Tissues
- A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function.
- There are two main types of plant tissues: meristematic and permanent.
Meristematic Tissue
- Immature cells actively dividing; found in stem and root apices, leaf primordia, and vascular/cork cambium.
- Contribute to plant growth.
Permanent Tissue
- Mature cells that have stopped dividing.
- Classified into different types.
Meristematic Tissue Characteristics
- Composed of immature cells.
- Lack intercellular spaces.
- Thin-walled cells.
- Cells rich in cytoplasm with small vacuoles.
Classification of Meristems
- Based on origin:
- Primary (derived from promeristem, found at stem and root apices).
- Secondary (develops from permanent tissues, adds to thickness through secondary growth; examples include cork cambium and interfascicular cambium).
- Based on position:
- Apical (tips of roots and stems, for longitudinal growth).
- Intercalary (between permanent tissues, increasing internode length).
- Lateral (laterally on roots and stems, increasing thickness).
Permanent Tissues
-
Based on function:
- Epidermis: Outermost layer, providing protection, absorbing water and minerals in roots, regulating water loss through transpiration.
- Parenchyma: Thin-walled cells with various functions (photosynthesis, storage). Types include aerenchyma (air spaces) and chlorenchyma (chlorophyll).
- Collenchyma: Thick-walled cells with cellulose deposits, providing primary support in herbaceous plants
- Sclerenchyma: Dead cells with heavily thickened secondary walls containing lignin, providing support. Types include fibers (elongated) and sclereids.
Vascular Tissue
-
Xylem: Transports water and minerals from roots.
- Xylem contains tracheids and vessel elements, dead at maturity.
-
Phloem: Transports organic compounds from sites of photosynthesis.
- Phloem contains sieve tubes (alive at maturity) and companion cells.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of plant anatomy, focusing on the shoot and root systems, as well as the types of plant tissues. Discover the characteristics and classifications of meristematic and permanent tissues and their roles in plant growth and development.
