Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the internode in a typical stem?
To provide a space for the growth of new nodes
What is the main difference between a vegetative bud and a reproductive bud?
Vegetative buds develop into leaves, while reproductive buds develop into flowers
What is the role of the xylem in the plant?
To carry water from the roots through the stem and through the veins in the leaves
What is the function of the shoot system in a plant?
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What is the role of the phloem in the plant?
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What is the terminal bud responsible for in a typical stem?
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What is the function of the stem in relation to the leaves and flowers?
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What is the purpose of the nodes in a typical stem?
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Study Notes
The Shoot System
- Develops from the plumule after embryo in the seed
- Grows above ground and consists of a stem bearing branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits
Types of Buds
- Vegetative buds: develop into leaves, branches, or other vegetative parts of the plant
- Reproductive or flower buds: develop into flowers or groups of flowers
Typical Stem Structure
- Has leaves at regular intervals (nodes) with buds at the axle of the leaf
- Has a terminal bud at the growing point
- Internodes are the lengths of stem between nodes
- Typically stands erect from the ground
Functions of Stems
- Connects the root system to the leaves and flowers of the shoot system
- Supports all parts of the shoot system, including branches, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits
- Facilitates absorption of maximum sunlight through leaf arrangement
- Transports water and dissolved minerals and nutrients from roots to leaves
- Transports food (e.g., sugars) made in leaves to other parts of the plant where needed or stored
Transport in the Stem
- Network of tubes (xylem and phloem) transport water, food, and other substances throughout the plant
- Xylem: consists of xylem vessels, responsible for carrying water from roots through stem and veins in leaves
- Phloem: made of sieve tubes, responsible for carrying food made in leaves to other parts of the plant
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